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Factors Influencing the Implementation of Helicopter Ambulance Service in Medical Facilities

The intent of this research study was to determine, list and rank in importance the factors influencing the implementation of helicopter emergency assistance programs and to rank them according to their significance in reference to the two survey instruments developed especially for the purpose of interviewing relevant specialists in the field of civilian helicopter ambulance services. The study was performed in the greater Washington, D.C., and Baltimore area.

The intent of this research study was to determine, list and rank in importance the factors influencing the implementation of helicopter emergency assistance programs and to rank them according to their significance in reference to the two ...

Female Leaders' 360-degree Self-perception Accuracy for Leadership Competencies and Skills

Leaders with more self-accurate ratings have been found to be more effective and more successful than those leaders with self-evaluations that are not aligned with others (Atwater & Yammarino, 1992; Bass & Yammarino, 1991). Several reports from the 1980's suggest that women underrate their own performance as leaders and managers (Parsons, Meece, Adler, & Kaczala, 1982; LaNoue & Curtis, 1985, Meehan & Overton, 1986 as cited in Van Velsor, Taylor, & Leslie, 1993; Beyer, 1990) despite the lack of specific data to substantiate these inferences. The conclusion that others likely draw from these repeated messages is that female leaders have poor self-awareness, and therefore are less effective. Strong inferential statements, such as those present in the literature today, may be contributing to ongoing negative stereotypical assumptions about female leaders' potential, and thus, may be contributing to the lack of female leaders advancing to executive business ranks, i.e., the 'glass ceiling'. Only one study that reported data from nearly two decades ago has refuted the suggestion that women underrate their leadership competencies (Van Velsor, Taylor & Leslie, 1993). This study examined contemporary data to test whether female leaders working in today's business environment under-rated their own performance as leaders. Ex Post Facto research using data from an existing, large database was used to investigate the relationships of female leaders' self-assessment and the assessments of other raters (including direct reports, peers, managers and others). The database was analyzed to test whether female leaders under-rated, over-rated, or were in-agreement with how others rated their leadership skills and behaviors using the High Impact Leadership Model(TM) (Linkage, 2003).

Rosener (1990) found that men tend to use reward and punishment as means to
influence performance. Women leaders, however, tend to use a more interactive
leadership style that encompasses sharing information and power.

The Principal's Perception of Character Education Implementation in California Middle Schools Based on the Eleven Principles of Character Education

Conclusions and recommendations. This study supported the use of the 11 principles of character education as a model for implementation and a standard for evaluation. Further study was recommended in the area of evaluation and the determination of high-quality programs supporting at risk populations.

In this setting, the student is often asked what he or she would do given a specific
situation. Providing a safe arena for discussion and ... proffered and researched
by Kohlberg. The first was the stage in which reward and punishment guide ...

Novus Ordo Seclorum: An Analysis of the Perception of Selected Principals in North Carolina Concerning the Implementation of the New Schools Project Contemporary Educational Reform Initiative

During the 1990s, the sudden deviation from the industrial based economy of the 20th century created a demand for a highly competent workforce capable of competing at an international level. The decline of Communism in Western Europe and the advent of the European Union influenced America to create the North American Free Trade Agreement, to maintain a competitive edge in a transcending global marketplace. In spite of the many reform initiatives over the last 2 decades, few national studies have addressed how contemporary educational reform affects the leadership behavior of high school principals, and whether reform mandates require principals to adapt, alter, or substantially change their belief system and leadership style. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was the research instrument used to investigate the issues related to leadership style and behavior of principals in redesigned high schools. Results from the study indicate principals in redesigned schools continue to utilize both contingent reward and transformational styles of leadership. Correlations were also present regarding the use of active management-by-exception behavior and the implementation of the North Carolina New Schools Project leadership mandates during the redesign initiative.

Consequently, transactional leadership tends to be based on a contract style of
rewards and punishment. Followers are rewarded for accomplishing specific
goals or meeting certain performance standards, while individuals that fail to
meet the ...

Changes in Perception of Family Environment and Self-reported Symptom Status in Adolescents Whose Parents Participate in an Adlerian Parent-training Intervention

The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescents whose parents participate in an Adlerian-based parenting education program, known as Systematic Training for Effective Parenting-Teen (STEP-Teen), perceive more similarly to their parents the family environment in general, more democratic family values within the family environment, and report a decline in problematic behaviors and troubling emotions after the STEP intervention. As there is a vital need for research that investigates multiple perspectives following parent education, this study has focused in part on the self-reports of the adolescents whose parents participate in STEP. A sample of parents (n=20) and their adolescents (n=20) were individually assessed prior to and following the parents' participation in the STEP-Teen intervention. The intervention took place at a middle school in Central New York State and was divided into three three-hour sessions. The adolescent was administered the Family Environment Scale-Third Edition (Form R) by Moos and Moos, the Adolescent Version of the Adlerian Family Values Measure, and the Youth Self Report (Achenbach, 2001). The parents completed the Family Environment Scale (Third Edition, Form R), the Parent Version of the Adlerian Family Values Measure, and the Adlerian Parent Education Knowledge Measure. The results indicated that there were no significant decreases in self-reported internalizing symptomatology, externalizing symptomatology, nor did parent-adolescent perception incongruence on the Adlerian Family Values Measure significantly decrease. However, there was a significant increase in parents' knowledge about the STEP-Teen concepts presented in the program as well as a decrease in the parent-adolescent perception incongruence on the Family Environment Scale. Thus, this study indicates that the parents learning new parenting skills and parent and adolescent's perceptions of the family environment became less discrepant following parents' participation in the STEP program. Treatment implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Instead, STEP encourages parents to employ the use of natural and logical
consequences as a primary means to discipline. Reward and punishment are
extrinsically motivating to children as opposed to the intrinsically motivating
natural and ...

Guatemala Health Care Practitioners' Leadership Styles: Medical Worker Perception Versus Leader Self-perception

The use of a cross-sectional survey research methodology facilitated the identification of perceptions among survey respondents. The decision to use this method related to the feasibility of this approach to the purpose of the study. Study participants were 30 medical physicians and 300 nurses as well as medical assistants for a total sample population of 330 individuals. Health care professionals in the study were employed in a public hospital in Coatepeque, Guatemala and from the Rosario Private Hospital in Coatepeque, Guatemala. Two Spanish version Leadership Practices Inventory surveys were used to collect data. The LPI was chosen because it profiled five distinctive characteristics of leadership.

Punishments are not always mentioned, but they are also well-understood and
formal systems of discipline are usually in place. The early stage of Transactional
Leadership is in negotiating the contract whereby the subordinate is given a
salary ... When things go wrong, then the subordinate is considered to be
personally at fault, and is punished for their failure (just as they are rewarded for
succeeding).

A Mixed Method Study of Rural Iowa Latino High School Students to Determine Barriers to Access

The study should be replicated in other small rural communities with large ethnic growth. In addition, policy-making entities need to review legislative initiatives to make certain that they address the findings offered in this study.

Teachers tend to call on students whom they perceive to be able learners, and
provide extra time and assistance due to their expectation for these students to
grow. ... From this study, it was concluded that teachers were able to predict final
grades but not test scores; and teachers tended to reward by ... In addition,
teachers tended to punish students they perceived as lazy by lowering their
grades.

Academic Strategies of High School Students

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of the seven academic avoidance strategies/patterns of mastery, performance avoid, performance approach, academic efficacy, self-handicapping, approach to novel concepts, and the relevance of subject for future success, was consistent across the three subject areas of math, science, and English in the high school classroom. Repeated measures ANOVA's were used to test these hypotheses. Sixty New Jersey public high school students were asked to complete a modified version of the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey. Students also completed a questionnaire pertaining to their socioeconomic status and other demographic variables. Three of the hypotheses of this study were supported. Specifically, the constructs of performance-approach, performance-avoid, and self-handicapping did show consistency across the subject areas of math, science, and English. However, the four constructs of mastery, academic efficacy, approach to novel concepts, and relevance of subject for future success, did vary significantly across these subject areas.

A student's perception of self-worth based on high ability results in means self-
protection that outweighs a teacher's system of reward and punishment (
Covington & Omelich, 1979). In high school, student' personal motivation may be
a better 7.

Academic Aspirations and Expectations: High School Guidance Counselor Perceptions of the Benefits Students Receive by Participating in Dual Enrollment Programs

Findings of this study indicate that guidance counselors perceive their influence on a student's post secondary planning very different than guidance counselors a generation ago. However, guidance counselors were clear they see themselves as being the most knowledgeable of secondary school curriculum, post secondary school requirements and their students; they should be driving dual enrollment initiatives within their school districts.

An EXTRINSICALLY motivated student performs “in order to obtain some reward
or avoid some punishment external to the activity itself, such as grades, stickers,
or teacher approval” (para.4). Lumsden suggested students who are intrinsically
 ...

Implications and Perceptions of Students and Teachers Participating in Two Ninth Grade Success Academies During the Year of Implementation

This study presents a comparative case study of two Ninth Grade Success Academies at two school sites in south Alabama. Ninth Grade Success Academies use a school within a school model that isolates freshman students from upperclassmen while teaching them skills for academic and social success (Kerr, 2000). These academies are structured in a way that attempts to increase school attendance and decrease discipline problems. This research examined students' and teachers' perceptions about their involvement in these two academies at both high schools in an effort to determine strengths and weaknesses of the academies during the first year of implementation as perceived by the participants.

Suspension, students felt was like a reward instead of punishment. One girl
stated that her parents would act like they were mad if she got suspended but
really would not care. Teachers at Central High School stated that one problem
with ...