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The fall of Amir Chupan and the decline of the Ilkhanate, 1327-1337

a decade of discord in Mongol Iran

Although the dispute was later patched up, Mahmud-Shah considered it prudent
to withdraw for a time to southern Iran, where he busied himself with collecting
the revenues due from the provinces. On his swift return to favour, his son Kai-
Khusrau was appointed to his governorships of Pars and Kirman, and Mas'ud-
Shah was reconciled with Musafir and kept at court to attend his father.103 This
account hides as much as it reveals. Mustaufi indicates that this was yet another
challenge ...

British documents on foreign affairs

reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1951 through 1956. Africa 1954. Africa (general), Ethiopia, Libya, Egypt and Sudan and Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, 1954

Finally, I assured Mahmud Bey that I was making and would continue to make
every possible effort to achieve a solution. 4. Mahmud Bey indicated that he
understood the difficulties He felt that it had been wrong of Egypt to link the
questions of defence with the Sudan It was important for his Government also that
a solution should be reached, as the Libyan opposition made capital out of the
present situation. 5. I then passed to the question of the forthcoming Libyan
elections, enquiring ...

The Persian Book of Kings

Ibrahim Sultan's Shahnama

Firdausi’s great epic poem, The Book of Kings or Shahnama, does for the formative myths, legends and early history of Iran what Homer’s tales do for the ancient Mediterranean civilizations. It narrates the history of mankind from the creation of the world, putting Iran at the centre of the Universe, from the dawn of time to the destruction of the Persian Empire in the early 7th century AD at the hands of the conquering Muslim Arabs.One of the Bodleian Library’s treasures is a copy of this Iranian national epic, commissioned by Ibrahim, the grandson of the great Timur and governor of Shiraz in southern Iran from 1414 to 1435. This royal manuscript is bursting with extraordinary and highly original paintings, which were extremely influential on later illustrators.This book explores the literary context of the poem, Firdausi’s world and the manuscript’s royal provenance. It also provides a brief overview of the story and the illuminations. It then looks in greater detail at the individual miniatures, their meaning and technique and also includes helpful extras such as a glossary of Persian terms and a list of the dramatis personae. This is a beautiful book exploring the mysteries and legends surrounding a rare and treasured manuscript.

Firdausi made friends with the beau monde of the capital, especially Mahmud's
favourite, Ayyaz. But Firdausi's Shahnama was ill received and Sultan Mahmud
refused to honour his agreement with the poet. Firdausi escaped to Baghdad,
where the CaJiph took him under his protection, until Mahmud repented and paid
what was agreed. Most of these anecdotes reported by Ouseley are derived from
various versions of the prose Prefaces later attached to manuscripts of the
Shahnama, ...

The Mahdist State in the Sudan

1881-1898

The news of this disaster was known to Muhammad al-Zaki 'Uthman (who had
recently been sent back to Berber as civil governor under Mahmud) by 10 Rabi' I
(9 August) and to Mahmud himself two days later. Muhammad al-Zaki expected
to find the enemy outside Berber in ten days' time and urgently demanded help.
Mahmud appeared to be galvanized into activity. Tomorrow or the next day, he
assured the Khalifa, he would set out with the whole army for Berber. In the
meantime ...

Modernism and the Grounds of Law

Existing approaches to the relation of law and society have for a long time seen law as either autonomous or grounded in society. Drawing on untapped resources in social theory, Fitzpatrick finds law pivotally placed in and beyond modernity. Being itself of the modern, law takes impetus and identity from modern society and, through incorporating 'pre-modern' elements of savagery and the sacred, it comes to constitute that very society. When placing law in such a crucial position for modernity, Fitzpatrick ranges widely from the colonizations of the Americas, through the thought of the European Enlightenment, and engages finally with contemporary arrogations of the 'global'. By extending his previous work on the origins of modernity, this book makes a significant contribution to continuing developments in law and society, legal philosophy, and jurisprudence.

... Stewart Motha, Tayyab Mahmud and Adam Thurschwell. In the production of
the book, it was a constant pleasure working with Sharon Mullins, Paul Watt,
Roger Bourke and Ray Kitson. Stewart Motha prepared the exemplary index.
Finally, a crucial quartet: I am especially grateful to Sue Taylor for so effectively
processing the writing, to Penny Stockwell for making time in which it could be
done, to Sarah Kyambi for enlightening it with research on globalism, and to Vagi
Fitzpatrick for ...

India

Mirage and Reality

But one devil had been driven out by another — possibly a more decent devil, but
a devil nevertheless. The saviours made themselves at home, and although
Nehru, following mediation in the United Nations, undertook to hold a plebiscite,
he subsequently shirked the implementation of his promise with one lame excuse
after another. " We are an occupied country," Mahmud declared sulkily. " The
place is swarming with police informers, and anyone speaking out against the
Indians is ...

Popular Musics of the Non-Western World

An Introductory Survey

Reflecting the growing interest in popular music from the developing world, this unique book is the first to examine all major non-Western urban music styles, from increasingly familiar genres like reggae and salsa, to the lesser-known regional styles of Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, non-Western Europe (Greece, Yugoslavia, Portugal), Asia, and the Near East. Manuel establishes parameters that distinguish popular music from both folk and classical music, defining popular music as music created with the mass media in mind and reproduced on a large scale basis as a salable commodity for wide public consumption. While emphasizing stylistic analysis and historical development, he also treats the diverse popular musics as sites for the negotiation and mediation of the dialectics of nationalism and acculturation, tradition and modernity, urban and rural aesthetics, and grassroots spontaneity and corporate or bureaucratic manipulation. With its encyclopedic syntheses of earlier studies and extensive original research, Manuel's book will be an invaluable source for general readers and students of ethnology, popular music, and contemporary culture.

... who were influential in urban secular as well as Bek- tashi Sufi music in
Istanbul and other cities. In the first half of the nineteenth century, urban secular
musical life was dramatically disrupted. According to Walter Feldman, by 1840
the musicians guilds appear to have degenerated (perhaps due partly to the
increasing bankruptcy of the court) and the dancing boys had been officially
outlawed. More importantly, in 1826 the reformist Sultan Mahmud 161 The Non-
Arab Middle East.

Topological Topics

Articles on Algebra and Topology Presented to Professor P J Hilton in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday

Professor Peter Hilton is one of the best known mathematicians of his generation. He has published almost 300 books and papers on various aspects of topology and algebra. The present volume is to celebrate the occasion of his sixtieth birthday. It begins with a bibliography of his work, followed by reviews of his contributions to topology and algebra. These are followed by eleven research papers concerned with various topics of current interest in algebra and topology. The articles are contributed by some of the many mathematicians with whom he has worked at one time or another. This book will be of interest to both topologists and algebraists, particularly those concerned with homotopy theory.

First, we wish to emphasise that the condition "66 E 6' mod I'" is indeed useful
and explicit. For example, consider the case G = G' = Sp(l); the centre Z = Z' is {ii},
and the Dynkin element 6 = 6' is -l. The appropriate Adams & Mahmud: Maps
between classifying spaces, III 137.

A History of the Middle East

4th edition

Over the centuries the Middle East has confounded the dreams of conquerors and peacemakers alike. This now-classic book, fully updated to 2009, follows the historic struggles of the region over the last two hundred years, from Napoleon's assault on Egypt, through the slow decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire, to the painful emergence of modern nations, the Palestinian question and Islamic resurgence. For this third edition, Economist journalist and Middle East correspondent Nicolas Pelham has written an extensive new chapter examining recent developments throughout the Middle East, including the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, the situation in Iran, the continuing Arab-Israeli conflict and relations with the US under President Obama.

In 1740 Sultan Mahmud I, through the Capitulations agreement signed with
France, had granted privileges to the Roman Catholic monks in the holy places
and had placed the French pilgrims as well as those of other Latin Catholic
nations under the protection of the French flag. However, under the secular
influence of the French Revolution, French interest in the holy places declined,
and Russia took the opportunity to enlarge the privileges of the Orthodox Church
in the Holy Land at ...

Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 2, The Outer Rings of the Terrorist Universe

Examines violent terrorist groups that, while not formally allied with al-Qaeda, could pose a threat to Americans now or in the future and to the security of our friends and allies. The authors show how terrorists use criminal organizations and connections to finance their activities, and they identify distinct strategies to neutralize or mitigate these threats.

For example, during the Gulf War, Arafat chose to side with Saddam Hussein.
Hamas leaders, in contrast, openly criticized Saddam's occupation of Kuwait. As
a result, Hamas received an influx of monetary support from charities and
individuals in the Gulf States in the early 1990s.51 Though not rising to the level
of state 50 “Interview with Mahmud Zahhar.” 51 For examples of such reports, see
Ramati (1993), p. 2; and Emerson, (1992), p. 27. sponsorship (as in the case of
Lebanese ...