“Modern Solid State Fermentation: Theory and Practice” covers state-of-the-art studies in the field of solid state fermentation (SSF). In terms of different characteristics of microbial metabolites, this book catalogs SSF into two main parts: anaerobic and aerobic SSF. Based on the principles of porous media and strategies of process control and scale-up, which are introduced in the book, it not only presents a well-founded explanation of essence of solid state fermentation, but also their influence on microbial physiology. In addition, due to the rapid development of this field in recent years, inert support solid state fermentation is also examined in detail. At last, the modern solid state fermentation technology platform is proposed, which will be used in solid biomass bioconversion. This book is intended for biochemists, biotechnologists and process engineers, as well as researchers interested in SSF. Dr. Hongzhang Chen is a Professor at Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Abstract Since its inception, solid-state fermentation has provided many daily
necessities for human beings. However, at present, solid-state fermentation is
developing slowly because of an absence of understanding of its essence and
the ...
The relatively new sukuk (or Islamic debt securities) markets have grown to more than US $800 billion over the past decade, and continue to grow at a rate of around 20-30 per cent per year. Arguably the first of its kind, this path-breaking book provides a highly unique reference tool relating to key issues surrounding sukuk markets, which are found in 12 major financial centres, including Kuala Lumpur, London and Zurich. The internationally renowned contributors present an in-depth study of sukuk securities, beginning with a comprehensive definition and history. They go on to discuss Islamic financial concepts and practices that govern how sukuk securities are issued, how markets are carefully regulated to protect investors, and how securities are designed to safeguard invested money. The prospects and challenges of developing sukuk Islamic debt markets across the world are also illustrated. This comprehensive guide to sukuk markets will prove a fascinating and useful reference tool for academics, students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in Islamic finance, and, more specifically, in the nascent field of sukuk securities.
marketing. and. listing. of. sukuk. securities. Mohamed. Ariff. and. Shamsher.
Mohamad1. 12.1. INTRODUCTION. The first Malaysian sukuk as a new Islamic
financial debt security was issued as a private sector issue by Shell Company (M)
Bhd ...
Islamic Marketing and Branding: Theory and Practice provides a concise mix of theory, primary research findings and practice that will engender confidence in both students and practitioners alike by means of the case study included in each chapter. Through three main parts (Branding and Corporate Marketing; Religion, Consumption and Culture; and Strategic Global Orientation), this book provides readers, from areas across the spectrum covering marketing, organisational studies, psychology, sociology and communication and strategy, with theoretical and managerial perspectives on Islamic marketing and branding. In particular, it addresses: Insights into branding and corporate marketing in the Islamic context. An introduction to Islamic consumption and culture, rules and regulations in brands and consumption in Islamic markets. An identification of how the strategic global orientation of the Islamic approach is practised and how it works in different Islamic countries such as emerging countries. Readers are introduced to a variety of business and management approaches which, once applied to their business strategies, will increase their chances of successful implementation. Addressing both theoretical and practical insights, this book is essential reading for marketing and branding scholars and students, as well as CEOs, brand managers and consultants with an interest in this area.
26–38. de Chernatony, L. (1993), “Categorizing Brands: Evolutionary Processes
Underpinned by Two Key Dimensions”, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 9
, No. 2, pp. 173–188. de Chernatony, L. and Riley, F. D. (1998a), “Defining a ...
This third edition of The Early Childhood Curriculum provides the same coverage as the first edition and brings it up to date. Individual chapters present the research and practice of early childhood education by areas of curriculum content, play, oral language, reading, mathematics, science, social studies, movement, music and art. Introductory chapters include an overview of current developments in early education as well as a discussion of teaching strategies. It includes two new chapters on inclusion and the multicultural world of the early childhood classroom, an overview of current developments in the field.
Evidence is mounting to suggest a cause-effect as well as a reciprocal
relationship between phonological awareness and reading development (Adams
, 1990; Seymour & Evans, 1994; Spector, 1995). ... Furthermore, Cunningham ( 1
990) found that when a metacognitive strategic component of instruction was
integrated with phonemic-awareness and letter-sound training, there were
greater gains in kindergartners' and first-graders' reading achievement than
when instruction did not ...
Because environmental problems do not respect borders, their solutions often require international cooperation and agreements. The contributors to this book examine how international environmental agreements are put into practice. Their main concern is effectiveness—the degree to which such agreements lead to changes in behavior that help to solve environmental problems. Their focus is on implementation—the process that turns commitments into action, at both domestic and international levels. Implementation is the key to effectiveness because these agreements aim to constrain not just governments but a wide array of actors, including individuals, firms, and agencies whose behavior does not change simply because governments have made international commitments. The book is divided into two parts. Part I looks at international systems for implementation review, through which parties share information, review performance, handle noncompliance, and adjust commitments. Part II looks at implementation at the national level, with particular attention to participation by governmental and nongovernmental actors and to problems in states with economies in transition. The book includes fourteen case studies that cover eight major areas of international environmental regulation: conservation and preservation of fauna and flora, stratospheric ozone depletion, pollution in the Baltic Sea, pollution in the North Sea, trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides, air pollution in Europe, whaling, and marine dumping of nuclear waste. Contributors: Steinar Andresen, Juan Carlos di Primio, Owen Greene, Ronnie Hjorth, Vladimir Kotov, John Lanchbery, Elena Nikitina, Kal Raustiala, Alexei Roginko, Jon Birger Skjaerseth, Eugene B. Skolnikoff, Olav Schram Stokke, David G. Victor, Jorgen Wettestad. Copublished with theInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Chapters 2 to 6 show that SIRs are a common feature of environmental accords
and discuss ways SIRs make accords more effective. The presence and
operation of SIRs reflect the parties' desire to know whether others have
complied, and continue to comply, with their commitments under a particular
agreement. Satisfying that demand fundamentally depends on the completeness
and reliability of the information available: the backbone of SIRs is data. This
chapter examines the ...
This book provides an advanced guide to correlation modelling for credit portfolios, providing both theoretical underpinnings and practical implementation guidance. The book picks up where pre-crisis credit books left off, offering guidance for quants on the latest tools and techniques for credit portfolio modelling in the presence of CVA (Credit Value Adjustments). Written at an advanced level, it assumes that readers are familiar with the fundamentals of credit modelling covered, for example, in the market leading books by Schonbucher (2003) and O’Kane (2008). Coverage will include the latest default correlation approaches; correlation modelling in the ‘Marshall-Olkin’ contagion framework, in the context of CVA; numerical implementation; and pricing, calibration and risk challenges. The explosive growth of credit derivatives markets in the early-to-mid 000’s was bought to a close by the 2007 financial crisis, where these instruments were held largely to blame for the economic downturn. However, in the wake of increased regulation across all financial instruments and the challenge of buying and selling bonds in large amounts, credit derivatives have once again been found to be the answer and the market has grown significantly. Written by a practitioner for practitioners, this book will also interest researchers in mathematical finance who want to understand how things happen and work ‘on the floor’. Building the reader’s knowledge from the ground up, and with numerous real life examples used throughout, this book will prove a popular reference for anyone with a mathematical mind interested credit markets.
1.2. Motivation. for. Credit. Correlation. Models. To motivate the need for “proper”
credit correlation models, we make a little detour and review the “correlated
intensities” approach discussed by Duffie (1998) in the context of pricing First-to-
Default baskets. We have a basket of n default times = (τ1,..., τn), with (stochastic)
intensity processes (λ1, ..., λn). Without going into too many technical details at
this stage, ...
Written for use in governmental and public budgeting courses, this workbook contains a thought provoking set of exercises to help students gain a greater understanding of budgetary processes.
Written for use in governmental and public budgeting courses, this workbook contains a thought provoking set of exercises to help students gain a greater understanding of budgetary processes.
