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Book-in-Brief: A Brief Introduction to Qur’anic Exegesis

Generating precise comprehension of the Quran and the true meaning of its verses is arguably the essence of the most important of the Islamic sciences, Qur’anic exegesis or tafsir. Since the passing of the Prophet many scholars have worked hard to bring a proper understanding of the meaning of the Qur’an to Muslims, and indeed to the world at large, as fully as possible, in an attempt to widen knowledge of the guidance contained therein, and how to live life in accordance with its principles. The result has been a wealth of historical Muslim literature on the subject which has come to be known as Ulum al-Tafsir or the sciences of tafsir, a systematic exegesis of the Qur’an following several methodologies. This work traces the evolution of Qur’anic exegesis, from the time of the Prophet, the Companions, the Successors, the early mufassirun (exegetes) with independent tafsir works, to the present day. In doing so, it addresses some major issues including to what extent has tafsir been influenced by differing theological traditions (classical, mystical sufi, persian), political and sectarian interests etc. and how interpretation has differed in some cases, mainly pertaining to juridical, theological, historical, and linguistic issues. Certain scholars and Qur’anic commentaries have stood the test of time and stand in greater prominence to others. Their works are introduced, and different methodologies compared and critiqued. What we are left with is a broad yet important overview of a subject which otherwise can be too complex and extensive for the ordinary reader to grasp acting as a valuable addition to his/her understanding and study of the Qur’anic text.

This work traces the evolution of Qur’anic exegesis, from the time of the Prophet, the Companions, the Successors, the early mufassirun (exegetes) with independent tafsir works, to the present day.

Al-Shura: The Qur’anic Principle of Consultation

Muslims remain largely unaware of the importance and value of the Qur’anic principle of al-Shura (mutual consultation) and the significant role it can play in the advancement and reform of Muslim society. In this work, the author attempts to introduce and examine key meanings and practices of al-Shura, trace its historical evolution, and explore ways in which the principle can be introduced, institutionalized and applied in Muslim societies. There is no doubt that al-Shura has been sidelined throughout the Muslim world and the reasons for this are both historically and politically complex. According to the author, although much has been written on the subject, in reality it has been at best ineffectively applied and at worst heedlessly ignored. Even today it is a hotly contested issue. As al-Shura is increasingly associated with democratic participation in a decision-making process, debate has ignited with critics challenging the notion of equating the principle with western notions of democracy, with others claiming that the principle allows for a meaning that breaks the grip of centralized power. These and other issues are investigated with careful scholarship. Al-Raysuni concludes that al-Shura should be adopted as a way of life for all Muslims to protect their interests and as a vital tool for reconstruction and reform. In doing so he addresses the subject from some intriguing new angles, giving insight into areas hitherto little, if at all, examined.

In this work, the author attempts to introduce and examine key meanings and practices of al-Shura, trace its historical evolution, and explore ways in which the principle can be introduced, institutionalized and applied in Muslim societies.

Qur'anic Text

Towards a Retrieval System

The feeling that Islamic literature deserves and requires an Islamic classification dcheme has been met with a widespread dissatisfaction among information scientists in the Muslim world. However, indexing the classical Qur'anic exegeses and Hadith collections still requires an initial operation list of both subject headings of both Qur'anic and Hadith texts. The book is based on an investigation of the terminology in the Qur'anic text for the purpose of designing a retrieval system. It makes use of conceptual verses and words as partial examples for the required task. These examples are used to test the factors affecting the design at both the documentary and computation levels. At the documentary level, the examples are used to examine the effects of Qur'anic terminology on the commentators and to see how it affects the performance of the retrieval system. It also examines the characteristics of the Qur'anic vocabulary, against the problems known to be encountered in constructing an efficient retrieval system. On the computation level, the examples are used to examine the possibility of the Qur'an in its stylistic form being processed by the computer. as a result, the study offers guidelines and recommendations with two examples for the natural and social sciences as a model for constructing a retrieval system for Qur'anic text.

The book is based on an investigation of the terminology in the Qur'anic text for the purpose of designing a retrieval system. It makes use of conceptual verses and words as partial examples for the required task.

The Qur'anic Worldview

A Springboard for Cultural Reform

Having done this, we will be able to overcome the mental rigidity that has taken
such a toll on Muslim society, robbing it of drive and vitality. To this end, we are
called upon to instill the Qur'anic worldview in young Muslim minds, hearts, and ...

Book-in-Brief: Ibn Ashur

Treatise on Maqasid Al-Shariah

Shaikh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur is the most renowned Zaytuna Imam and one of the great Islamic scholars of the 20th century. The publication of this translation of Shaikh Ibn Ashur’s Treatise on Maqasid al-Shari’ah is a breakthrough in studies on Islamic law in the English language. In this book, Ibn Ashur proposed Maqasid as a methodology for the renewal of the theory of Islamic law, which has not undergone any serious development since the era of the great imams. Ibn Ashur – quite courageously – also addressed the sensitive topic of the intents/Maqasid of Prophet Muhammad (SAAS) behind his actions and decisions. He introduced criteria to differentiate between the Prophetic traditions that were meant to be part of Islamic law and the Prophetic actions/ sayings that were meant to be for the sake of specific purposes such as political leadership, court judgment, friendly advice, and conflict resolution. But Ibn Ashur’s most significant contribution in this book has been the development of new Maqasid by coining new, contemporary, terminology that were never formulated in traditional usul al-fiqh. For example, Ibn Ashur developed the theory of the ‘preservation of lineage’ into ‘the preservation of the family system’, the ‘protection of true belief’ into ‘freedom of beliefs’, etc. He also introduced the concepts of ‘orderliness’, ‘natural disposition’, ‘freedom’, ‘rights’, ‘civility’, and ‘equality’ as Maqasid in their own right, and upon which the whole Islamic law is based. This development opens great opportunities for Islamic law to address current and real challenges for Muslim societies and Muslim minorities.

Shaikh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur is the most renowned Zaytuna Imam and
one of the great Islamic scholars of the 20th century. This book is a breakthrough
in Islamic law studies in the English language. Ibn Ashur proposed Maq¥|id as a
methodology for renewing the theory of Islamic law, which has not undergone
any serious development since the era of the great imams from al-Sh¥fi¢Ï in the
8th century to al-Sh¥~ ibÏ in the 14th century. Ibn Ashur's methodology takes a
centrist ...

Ibn Ashur

Treatise on Maqasid Al-Shariah

Shaikh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur is the most renowned Zaytuna Imam and one of the great Islamic scholars of the 20th century. The publication of this translation of Shaikh Ibn Ashur’s Treatise on Maqasid al-Shari’ah is a breakthrough in studies on Islamic law in the English language. In this book, Ibn Ashur proposed Maqasid as a methodology for the renewal of the theory of Islamic law, which has not undergone any serious development since the era of the great imams. Ibn Ashur – quite courageously – also addressed the sensitive topic of the intents/Maqasid of Prophet Muhammad (SAAS) behind his actions and decisions. He introduced criteria to differentiate between the Prophetic traditions that were meant to be part of Islamic law and the Prophetic actions/ sayings that were meant to be for the sake of specific purposes such as political leadership, court judgment, friendly advice, and conflict resolution. But Ibn Ashur’s most significant contribution in this book has been the development of new Maqasid by coining new, contemporary, terminology that were never formulated in traditional usul al-fiqh. For example, Ibn Ashur developed the theory of the ‘preservation of lineage’ into ‘the preservation of the family system’, the ‘protection of true belief’ into ‘freedom of beliefs’, etc. He also introduced the concepts of ‘orderliness’, ‘natural disposition’, ‘freedom’, ‘rights’, ‘civility’, and ‘equality’ as Maqasid in their own right, and upon which the whole Islamic law is based. This development opens great opportunities for Islamic law to address current and real challenges for Muslim societies and Muslim minorities.

(1879–1973) Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur was born in Tunis in 1879 to an
affluent family of high social standing. Originally of Andalusian origin dedication
to the pursuit of knowledge seems to have been a continuous and established
tradition throughout the successive generations of the family's ancestors.
Although Ibn Ashur's father is not mentioned by Tunisian biographers as one of
the ¢ulam¥' elite of his time, his paternal grandfather, Muhammad al-Tahir ibn
Ashur (1815–1868) ...

Maqasid Al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law

A Systems Approach

In this path breaking study, Jasser Auda presents a systems approach to the philosophy and juridical theory of Islamic law based on its purposes, intents, and higher objectives (maqasid). For Islamic rulings to fulfill their original purposes of justice, freedom, rights, common good, and tolerance in today's context, Auda presents maqasid as the heart and the very philosophy of Islamic law. He also introduces a novel method for analysis and critique, one that utilizes relevant features from systems theory, such as, wholeness, multidimensionality, openness, and especially, purposefulness of systems. This book will benefit all those interested in the relationship between Islam and a wide variety of subjects, such as philosophy of law, morality, human rights, interfaith commonality, civil society, integration, development, feminism, modernism, postmodernism, systems theory, and culture.

... 1996). al-Hasfakl, Al-Durr al-Mukhtdr (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1386). al-Hussaini,
Abti Bakr Kifdyah al-Akhydr ft Hal Gbdyah al-Ikhtisar, ed. A. A. BaltajiandM.
WahbiSulaiman, isted. (Damascus: Dar al-Khayr, 1994). al-Iraqi, Atif, Al-Nazcak
al-' Aqliyyah ft Falsa fab ibnRushd, 5 th ed. (Cairo: Dar al- Ma'arif, 1993 ). al-
Isnawi, Jamal al-Dln, Nihdyatal-Siil Shark Minhdj al- Wusitl, ed. Abdul Qadir
Mohammad Ali (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-cIlmiyyah, 1999). al-Jassass, Abu Bakr,
Ahkam Al-Qur' an ...

Imam Al-Shatibi's Theory of the Higher Objectives and Intents of Islamic Law

With the end of the early Islamic period, Muslim scholars came to sense that a rift had begun to emerge between the teachings and principles of Islam and Muslims’ daily reality and practices. The most important means by which scholars sought to restore the intimate contact between Muslims and the Qur’an was to study the objectives of Islam, the causes behind Islamic legal rulings and the intentions and goals underlying the Shari'ah, or Islamic Law. They made it clear that every legal ruling in Islam has a function which it performs, an aim which it realizes, a cause, be it explicit or implicit, and an intention which it seeks to fulfill, and all of this in order to realize benefit to human beings or to ward off harm or corruption. They showed how these intentions, and higher objectives might at times be contained explicitly in the texts of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, while at other times, scholars might bring them to light by means of independent reasoning based on their understanding of the Qur’an and the Sunnah within a framework of time and space. This book represents a pioneering contribution presenting a comprehensive theory of the objectives of Islamic law in its various aspects, as well as a painstaking study of objectives-based thought as pioneered by the father of objectives-based jurisprudence, Imam Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi; in addition, the author presents us with an important study of al-Shatibi himself which offers a wealth of new, beneficial information about the life, thought and method of this venerable man.

151 Qawā˓id al-Aḥkām,\:7. 152 Al-Muwāfaqāt, 2:26-27. 153 Ibid., 2:386. 154 ˓
Āriḍat al-Aḥwadhī, 5:199. 155 This phrase occurs no fewer than 5 2 times in
different sūrahs of the Qur'an. 156 Al-Mustaṣfā, 1:287. 157 Al-Mankhūl,?,^. 158
Al-Muwāfaqāt,^.^. 159 Ibid. 160 Ibid., 2:315. 161 Ibid., 2:333. 162 Al-Irshād ilā
Qawāṭi al-Adillah fī Uṣūi al-I˓tiqād, p. 259 (quoted in Madhāhib al-Islāmiy īn by
˓Abd al-Raḥmān Badawī, 1:743). 163 Ḍawābiṭ al-Maṣlaḥah, p. 65. 164 If he
had said, ...

Authentication of Hadith

Redefining the Criteria

In today’s complex and volatile world the consequences of relying on fraudulent and counterfeit Hadith to legitimize extremist behavior, issue violent fatwas, and justify blatant abuse, particularly of women, is not only far too easy but in fact dangerous. Israr Khan addresses the sensitive topic of Hadith authentication, focusing on the criteria adopted by classical scholars to maintain that concentration on the continuity and accuracy of the chain of narrators, rather than the textual content of Hadith, has led to particular Hadith being included which either contradict other Hadith directly, project the Prophet (SAAS) in an uncharacteristic light, or do not reflect and/or conflict with the teachings of the Qur’an. The study traces in careful detail the historical development of the oral and written traditions, as well as the many targeted attempts at fabrication that took place, critiquing in methodical detail certain Hadith which have come to be widely accepted as “authentic.” The prominent collections we have today, were made possible by the development of the science of Hadith criticism, and Muslim scholars deserve deep appreciation for their painstaking work, as well as their invaluable contribution towards preserving the Hadith literature to the best of their ability. However, insists the author, the process is ongoing, and the closed door policy which currently surrounds Hadith authentication needs to be carefully reexamined.

(Cairo: Compilation, Translation, and Publication Committee Press, 1930), p.258;
Abu Zahw, Muhammad, AlHadith wa al-Muhaddithin, 1st edn.(Cairo: 1958), p.
480. Muslim, ibn al-Hajjāj alQushayri, Sahih (Beirut: Dār Ihyā' al-Turäth al-'Arabi,
2000), “Muqaddimah,” report no. 1–4. Abu Shahbah, Muhammad, AlIsrā'iliyyāt
wa al-Mawdi, at fi al-Tafsir (Cairo: Majma' alBuhüth al-Islāmiyyah, 1973), pp.32-
34. Subhi al-Salih, 'Ulúm al-Hadith wa Mustalahuhu (Beirut: Dār al'Ilmli al-
Malayin, ...

Interfaith Dialogue

A Guide for Muslims

Islam recognizes a plurality of religions and asks Muslims to respect other religions. The primary role of interfaith dialogue is to remove misunderstanding and accept difference, the aim being to generate a climate of peaceful coexistence and harmonious social relations. And this is perhaps more needed today than ever before, as mankind is increasingly called upon to exercise tolerance in a markedly volatile world, where living and working together in diversity is fast becoming the norm. Interfaith dialogue is by no means easy, defensive reaction; uncomfortable exchange and an overwhelming desire to avoid a perceived compromise of deeply held principles are some of the pitfalls that can easily cool commitment and the best of endeavors. It is here that this Guide makes an important contribution. The book is designed to guide Muslims who are interested and/or involved in building relations with those of the Jewish and Christian faiths.

Madinah shall remain secure and inviolable for all those who sign this treaty. •
Should any disagreement arise between the signatories, Allah, the All High, and
His Messenger shall settle it. • The signatories shall boycott the Quraysh
commercially and not help the tribe in any way. • Each party shall contribute to
Madinah's defense, in case of foreign aggression, in its respective area. • This
treaty shall not hinder either party from seeking lawful revenge.9 Abd al-Rahman
Azzam, the Arab ...