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Free Logic

Selected Essays

Free logic is an important field of philosophical logic that first appeared in the 1950s. J. Karel Lambert was one of its founders and coined the term itself. The essays in this collection (written over a period of 40 years) explore the philosophical foundations of free logic and its application to areas as diverse as the philosophy of religion and computer science. Amongst the applications on offer are those to the analysis of existence statements, to definite descriptions and to partial functions. The volume contains a proof that free logics of any kind are non-extensional and then uses that proof to show that Quine's theory of predication and referential transparency must fail. The purpose of this collection is to bring an important body of work to the attention of a new generation of professional philosophers, computer scientists and mathematicians.

The essays in this collection (written over a period of 40 years) explore the philosophical foundations of free logic and its application to areas as diverse as the philosophy of religion and computer science.

The Business of Judging

Selected Essays and Speeches: 1985-1999

Tom Bingham (1933-2010) was the 'greatest judge of our time' (The Guardian), a towering figure in modern British public life who championed the rule of law and human rights inside and outside the courtroom. The Business of Judging collects Bingham's most important writings during his period in judicial office before the House of Lords. The papers collected here offer Bingham's views on a wide range of issues, ranging from the ethics of judging to the role of law in a diverse society. They include his reflections on the main contours of English public and criminal law, and his early work on the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights and reforming the constitution. Written in the accessible style that made The Rule of Law (2010) a popular success, the book will be essential reading for all those working in law, and an engaging inroad to understanding the role of the law and courts in public life for the general reader.

Concern about crime is as old as society itself. But in recent years, in many
countries throughout the world, that concern has greatly intensified. Levels of
crime have risen. Many of the crimes committed are seen as more depraved than
in days ...

Part I: The Business of Judging ;The Judge as Juror: The Judicial Determination of Factual Issues ;The Judge as Lawmaker: An English Perspective ;The Discretion of the Judge ;Part II: Judges in Society ;Judicial Independence ;Judicial Ethics ;Part III: The Wider World ;`There is a World Elsewhere': The Changing Perspectives of English Law ;Law in a Pluralist Society ;Speech on the Jubilee of the Supreme Court of India ;Part IV: Human Rights ;The European Convention on Human Rights: Time to Incorporate ;Opinion: Should there be a Law to Protect Rights of Personal Privacy? ;The Way We Live Now: Human Rights in the New Millennium ;Tort and Human Rights ;Part V: Public Law ;Should Public Law Remedies be Discretionary? ;The Old Despotism ;Mr Perlzweig, Mr Liversidge, and Lord Atkin ;Part VI: The Constitution ;The Courts and the Constitution ;Anglo-American Reflections ;Part VII: The English Criminal Trial ;The English Criminal Trial: The Credits and the Debits ;Justice and Injustice ;Silence is Golden - or is it? ;A Criminal Code: Must We Wait for Ever? ;Part VIII: Crime and Punishment ;The Sentence of the Court ;Justice for the Young ;The Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder ;Speech on the Second Reading of the Crime (Sentences) Bill ;Part IX: Miscellaneous ;Address to the Centenary Conference of the Bar ;Who Then in Law is my Neighbour? ;The Future of the Common Law ;Lecture at Toynbee Hall on the Centenary of its Legal Advice Centre ;Address at the Service of Thanksgiving for Rt Hon Lord Denning OM

Selected Essays and Speeches: 1985-1999

The Business of Judging collects the most important writings of Tom Bingham during his time in judicial office before the House of Lords. Written for anyone with an interest in public affairs, the book offers an absorbing account of the law and the courts in public life, offering Bingham's reflections on the judicial role and the common law.

... Independence ;Judicial Ethics ;Part III: The Wider World ;`There is a World
Elsewhere': The Changing Perspectives of ... Criminal proceedings, of course,
almost always arise between the individual and the state, but when lawyers talk
of ...

Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia

Selected Essays

For nearly forty years, following the collapse of Indonesia's parliamentary system, Indonesia's once independent legal institutions were transformed into dedicated instruments of a powerful elite and allowed to sink into a deep mire of corruption and malfeasance. Legal process was devastated far beyond the capacity of any simple effort at reconstruction by post-Suharto governments. Indonesia's problems in this respect surpass those of other countries in the region compelled by economic crisis to re-examine institutional structures. The works reprinted in this collection constitute a case study over time of legal decay and the rise of reform interests in one of the most complex countries in the world. Written during a period of more than thirty years, beginning in the early 1960s, the essays trace several themes in the legal history of modern Indonesia. They make clear, however, that legal history is seldom that alone, but rather, like law itself, is largely derivative, fundamentally imbedded in the interest, ideas, purposes, and contentions of local political, social, and economic power.

In 1970 the government of Indonesia promulgated a new law on the principles of
judicial organization. The debates over this law gave rise to a significant and
enduring conflict between various forces over the Indonesian constitution - not
the ...