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Hearing Loss Research at NIOSH:

Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (U.S. Congress, 1970). Today the agency is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH is charged with the responsibility to "conduct . . . research, experiments, and demonstrations relating to occupational safety and health" and to develop "innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with [those] problems" (U.S. Congress, 1970). Its research targets include identifying criteria for use in setting worker exposure standards and exploring new problems that may arise in the workplace. Prevention of occupational hearing loss has been part of the NIOSH research portfolio from the time the agency was established. A principal cause of occupational hearing loss is the cumulative effect of years of exposure to hazardous noise. Exposure to certain chemicals with or without concomitant noise exposure may also contribute to occupational hearing loss. Hearing loss may impede communication in the workplace and contribute to safety hazards. Occupationally acquired hearing loss may also have an adverse effect on workers' lives beyond the workplace. No medical means are currently available to prevent or reverse it, although hearing aids are widely used and research on other treatments is ongoing. Occupational hearing loss is a serious concern, although the number of workers affected is uncertain. In September 2004, NIOSH requested that the National Academies conduct reviews of as many as 15 NIOSH programs with respect to the impact and relevance of their work in reducing workplace injury and illness and to identify future directions that their work might take. The Hearing Loss Research Program was selected by NIOSH as one of the first two programs to be reviewed. Hearing Loss Research at NIOSH examines the following issues for the Hearing Loss Research Program: (1) Progress in reducing workplace illness and injuries through occupational safety and health research, assessed on the basis of an analysis of relevant data about workplace illnesses and injuries and an evaluation of the effect that NIOSH research has had in reducing illness and injuries, (2) Progress in targeting new research to the areas of occupational safety and health most relevant to future improvements in workplace protection, and (3) Significant emerging research areas that appear especially important in terms of their relevance to the mission of NIOSH.

... Total number of major recommendations For each: Complete citation (article,
report, or conference where recommendation was made) Summary in one to four
sentences Percentage of target audience that has adopted recommendation 1, 5,
 ...

Information Technology and the Conduct of Research

The User's View

Computers and telecommunications have revolutionized the processes of scientific research. How is this information technology being applied and what difficulties do scientists face in using information technology? How can these difficulties be overcome? Information Technology and the Conduct of Research answers these questions and presents a variety of helpful examples. The recommendations address the problems scientists experience in trying to gain the most benefit from information technology in scientific, engineering, and clinical research.

The report is directed to two principal audiences. One audience includes the
policymakers and leaders of those institutions responsible for the support and
management of research. For this audience, the Panel describes issues and ...

Review of Disability and Rehabilitation Research:

NIDRR Grantmaking Processes and Products

The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) is the principal federal agency supporting applied research, training, and development to improve the lives of individuals with disabilities. NIDRR's mission is to generate new knowledge and promote its effective use in improving the ability of persons with disabilities to perform activities of their choice in the community, as well as to expand society's capacity to provide full opportunities and accommodations for its citizens with disabilities. NIDRR prides itself on being proactive in establishing program performance measures and developing accountability data systems to track the progress of its grantees. An electronic annual reporting system is used to collect data from grantees on many aspects of grant operation and outputs. Various formative and summative evaluation approaches have been used to assess the quality of the performance and results of the agency's research portfolio and its grantees. Prompted by the need to provide more data on its program results, in 2009 NIDRR requested that the National Research Council (NRC) conduct an external evaluation of some of the agency's key processes and assess the quality of outputs produced by NIDRR grantees (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 2009a). Review of Disability and Rehabilitation Research presents the results of that evaluation.

For example, the target audience was unclear; the information was not targeted
to the audience identified; it was unclear how the audience would use the output;
or the voice, content, or format was not consumer-friendly or not of high quality.

Research Recommendations to Facilitate Distributed Work

This book sets out technological research topics designed to facilitate and expand distributed work--including telecommuting, working while mobile, and working in geographically distributed teams. The book's recommendations for computing and communications infrastructure center on the provision and use of bandwidth--or the speed of communications. Concurrent applications research should be focused on ease of use and interoperability of the multitude of devices and programs that currently are needed to engage in distributed work.

Some possibilities, with widely differing bandwidth requirements, might include
the following: • Dynamically creating a single video data stream with the "
audience" incorporated into the image. This would allow, for example, each
participant in ...

Integrating Research and Education: Biocomplexity Investigators Explore the Possibilities:

Summary of a Workshop

The workshop summary provides guidance for researchers applying to the National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding. New NSF guidelines require applications to address the "broader impact" of the proposed research. Presentations at the workshop provided ideas on how to do this by engaging in undergraduate education, K-12 education or public outreach via museums or journalists. The workshop summary discusses issues to consider in choosing an appropriate collaborator for the education or outreach component of the project and how to build in methods for assessing the success of the project. It also provides lists of resources helpful in writing education proposals and discusses the similarities between research in education and scientific research.

CONSIDERING A TARGET AUDIENCE In considering how to engage members
of the public in an understanding of science, Kastens suggested that “
researchers ask themselves why they think that the public should care about their
research.

Expressing the sense of Congress that states should require candidates for driver's licenses to demonstrate an ability to exercise greatly increased caution when driving in proximity of a potentially visually impaired individual

report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on S. Con. Res. 71

Advanced Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Programme for the Selected Developing Countries in Asia

99 Ways to a Simple Lifestyle

However, great potential still rests with the small windmill. One Long Island
company recently began selling wind-driven units that deliver from 750 to 12,500
watts of electricity, which is enough for average home use. In the past, when the
wind ...