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The Urban School

A Factory for Failure

Americans worry continually about their schools with frequent discussions of the "crisis" in American education, of the "failures" of the public school systems, and of the inability of schools to meet the current challenges of contemporary life. Such concerns date back at least to the nineteenth century. A thread that weaves its way through the critiques of American elementary and secondary schools is that the educational system is not serving its children well, that more should be done to enhance achievement and higher performance. These critiques first began when the United States was industrializing and were later amplified when the Soviets and Japan were thought to be grinding down the competitive position of America. At the start of the twenty-first century, as we discuss globalization and maintaining our leadership position in the world economy, they are being heard again. The Urban School: A Factory for Failure challenges these assumptions about American education. Indeed, a basic premise of the book is that the American school system is working quite well-doing exactly what is expected of it. To wit, that the schools in the United States affirm, reflect, and reinforce the social inequalities that exist in the social structures of the society. Stated differently, the schools are not great engines for equalizing the existing social inequalities. Rather, they work to reinforce the social class differences that we have had in the past and continue to have in more pronounced ways at present. Rist uses both sociological and anthropological methods to examine life in one segregated African-American school in the mid-western United States. A classroom of some thirty children were followed from their first day of kindergarten through the second grade. Detailed accounts of the day-by-day process of sorting, stratifying, and separating the children by social class backgrounds demonstrates the means of ensuring that both the poor and middle-class students soon learned their appropriate place in the social hierarchy of the school. Instructional time, discipline, and teacher attention all varied by social class of the students, with those at the bottom of the ladder consistently receiving few positive rewards and many negative sanctions. When The Urban School was first published in 1973, the National School Boards Association called it one of the ten most influential books on American education for the year. It remains essential reading for educators, sociologists, and economists.

To oppose theories that environmental factors influence academic success or
failure, there periodically emerges a study ... issue of the Harvard Educational
Review under the title “How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement
?

Mengangkat masalah lingkungan ke media massa

Evaluation on human environment, pollution, etc. in Indonesia; collection of articles.

Amir Daud, pengajar Lembaga Pers Dr. Soetomo dan konsultan media pers,
menyampaikan materi diskusi ini pada lokakarya "Liputan Lingkungan Hidup
untuk Media Cetak" di Mukomuko, Danau Maninjau, Sumatra Barat, 2+ — 29
Oktober ...

Remaja dan Pembelajaran di Luar Lingkungan Sekolah

Pertimbangkan pembelajaran jarak jauh atau kursus gaya pos. Meskipun istilah
pembelajaran jarak jauh dan kursus gaya pos digunakan secara bertukar ganti,
ia sebenarnya dua perkara yang berbeza. Kursus gaya pos (juga dikenali
pengajian bebas) dilaksanakan melalui pos atau menerusi komputer. Pelajar
menggunakan mel biasa atau e-mel untuk mendaftar kuliah, membeli buku teks,
atau menghantar tugasan, bergantung pada kursus yang diambil. Kursus gaya
pos tidak ...

Discipline-Based Education Research

Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and Engineering

The National Science Foundation funded a synthesis study on the status, contributions, and future direction of discipline-based education research (DBER) in physics, biological sciences, geosciences, and chemistry. DBER combines knowledge of teaching and learning with deep knowledge of discipline-specific science content. It describes the discipline-specific difficulties learners face and the specialized intellectual and instructional resources that can facilitate student understanding. Discipline-Based Education Research is based on a 30-month study built on two workshops held in 2008 to explore evidence on promising practices in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This book asks questions that are essential to advancing DBER and broadening its impact on undergraduate science teaching and learning. The book provides empirical research on undergraduate teaching and learning in the sciences, explores the extent to which this research currently influences undergraduate instruction, and identifies the intellectual and material resources required to further develop DBER. Discipline-Based Education Research provides guidance for future DBER research. In addition, the findings and recommendations of this report may invite, if not assist, post-secondary institutions to increase interest and research activity in DBER and improve its quality and usefulness across all natural science disciples, as well as guide instruction and assessment across natural science courses to improve student learning. The book brings greater focus to issues of student attrition in the natural sciences that are related to the quality of instruction. Discipline-Based Education Research will be of interest to educators, policy makers, researchers, scholars, decision makers in universities, government agencies, curriculum developers, research sponsors, and education advocacy groups.

Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and
Engineering Committee on the Status, Contributions, and Future Directions of
Discipline-Based Education Research, Board on Science Education, Division of
Behavioral ...

Extending the Scope of Corpus-based Research

New Applications, New Challenges

Annotation. Calling corpus linguistics a core methodology in language research, Granger and Petch- Tyson (both of the U. of Louvain, Belgium) present 16 papers that are organized into separate sections investigating experimental methodologies, the use of corpora in describing the English language, and corpora in foreign language learning and teaching. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Krug, M. G. (2000), Emerging English Modals. A corpus-based study of
grammaticalization. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Leech, G. N. (1987),
Meaning and the English Verb. 2nd edition. London: Longman. Middle English
Dictionary.

Hukum tata negara & hukum administrasi negara

dalam perspektif fikih siyasah

Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-257).

Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-257).

Dinamika dan Perubahan Sosial pada Komunitas Lokal

Pembangunan merupakan cerminan masyarakat ingin berubah untuk mencapai standar kehidupan yang layak dalam aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Ketika pemerintah membuat suatu kebijakan merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mencapai standar kehidupan yang sejahtera dan meraih prestasi serta mencerminkan masyarakat yang makmur. Kebijakan pemerintah diiringi dengan kebijakan masyarakat. Artinya segala keputusan tidak lepas dengan masyarakat yang merupakan agen perubahan. Pelaksanaan pembangunan, masyarakat sebagai objek untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan. Untuk itu, ketika melakukan pembangunan dan perubahan perlu adanya pemikiran yang luas serta kajian mendalam atas realitas yang terjadi dan mengetahui sebab dan akibat. Perubahan struktur ekonomi yang disebut oleh Marvin Harris perubahan infrastruktur memberi pengaruh yang besar terhadap perubahan struktur dan perubahan suprastruktur. Secara tidak langsung membawa dampak sosial segala aktivitas kehidupan pada khususnya masyarakat Desa Putri Puyu. [pembangunan, desa, puyu, deepublish, marvin harris, Dinamika, Perubahan, Sosial, Komunitas, Lokal]

Keempat, bahasa dan proses simbolik dianggap penting bagi psikologis
manusia dan dapat disimpulkan adanya keberulangan yang bersifat universal
dari perilaku produktif yang menuju kepada produk dan layanan etik, rekreasi,
sportif dan ...