The mental representation of language cannot be directly observed but must be inferred and modelled from its effects at second hand. Linguists have traditionally responded to this in two ways, either going for a fairly data-light approach and valuing theoretical creativity, or pursuing just those goals for which data is available and trusting to data-driven descriptive work. More recently, advances in technology and experimental techniques have made data gathering easier and more accessible, so that a theoretically informed but empirically based approach is rapidly growing in popularity. This synthesis permits linguists to combine the intellectual hypothesis generation of the theoreticians with the ability to deliver hard answers of the empiricist. This volume is a collection of papers in this direction, using mostly experiment methods to yield insights into syntactic and semantic structures, language processing, and acquisition. Papers report corpus data, neurological investigations, child language studies, and fieldwork from minority languages.
This volume is a collection of papers in this direction, using mostly experiment methods to yield insights into syntactic and semantic structures, language processing, and acquisition.
Until recently, most linguistic theories as well as theories of cognition have avoided use of the notion of continuity. At the moment, however, several linguistic trends, sharing a preoccupation with semantico-cognitive problems (e.g. cognitive grammars, 'psychomechanics', 'enunciative theories'), are trying to go beyond the constraints imposed by discrete approaches. At the same time, mathematical (e.g. differential geometry and dynamical systems) and computer science tools (e.g. connectionism) have been proposed that can be used for modelling of continuous linguistic phenomena. In this volume, linguists, philosophers, mathematicians and computer scientists discuss which semantic phenomena (linked to the lexicon, to grammatical theories or to syntactic structures) call for continuous models and which formalisation tools can contribute to the development of such models. The first part of the book is devoted to linguistic issues, the second part deals with modelling issues. Many important questions are raised in the discussion, for instance: Is continuity just a convenient representation of gradual yet discrete facts, or is it an intrinsic characteristic of semantic phenomena? How can the introduction of continuity be reconciled with a methodology based on the falsifiability of theories? What is the link between continuity and Gestalt theory? Can linguistic continuity be accounted for by mathematical models? What about statistical models? How can continuity be implemented on a digital and therefore discrete machine?
In this volume, linguists, philosophers, mathematicians and computer scientists discuss which semantic phenomena (linked to the lexicon, to grammatical theories or to syntactic structures) call for continuous models and which formalisation ...
Accounting research in emerging economies has grown over the last two decades. This is partly due to the increasing realisation that accounting has a central role to play in the development of these economies. Accounting can contribute to enterprise development, governance improvements and promote foreign direct investment. In addition, the increasing integration of the world economy has led to a significant interest in understanding accounting systems in emerging economies. The articles in the volume contribute immensely to our understanding of how accounting functions in emerging economies. The papers have examined various issues including the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), internet financial reporting, the impacts of ownership concentration and board characteristics on firm performance, governance practices of firms, corporate social responsibility and environmental accounting, related party transactions, budgetary practices, activity-based costing, and females and the accounting profession. The papers have provided wide ranging empirical and theoretical issues that will have policy implications and also generate future academic debates. Overall, the volume advances debate on the role of accounting in different forms of organisations in emerging economies. We believe the audience will find the papers interesting and insightful in terms of theoretical development, practices, policy implications and future research directions.
Accounting research in emerging economies has grown over the years. This title includes articles that contribute to our understanding of how accounting functions in emerging economies.
Coordinated with THE PRACTICE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH and SPSS on CD-ROM, this handy guide helps students learn to navigate SPSS, including data entry; creating, saving, and retrieving files; producing and interpreting data summaries; and more. SPSS practice exercises are included. The guide is free when bundled with the text.
Coordinated with THE PRACTICE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH and SPSS on CD-ROM, this handy guide helps students learn to navigate SPSS, including data entry; creating, saving, and retrieving files; producing and interpreting data summaries; and more.
Understand, protect, & maintain your computer(s). Tips on purchasing computer hardware and software. Use the Internet safely. Receive, send, & forward safe respectful e-mail. Insert and/or attach pictures and files
167 Computer & Internet Basics Step-By-Step by End The Clutter ETCTM —
Internet Related Software Connections Dial-up.
Step 11. QuickBooks gives you the option of printing Form W-2s on plain paper or
on pre-printed forms. In the Print Form W-2 dialog, leave Preprinted form selected
and click OK (see Figure 2-70). Did You Know? If you subscribe to a payroll ...
