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Atmospheric Electrodynamics

This book resulted from lectures which I gave at the Universities of Kyoto, Cologne, and Bonn. Its objective is to summarize in a unifying way two other wise rather separately treated subjects of atmospheric electrodynamics: elec tric fields of atmospheric origin, in particular thunderstorm phenomena and related problems on the one hand, and magnetic fields, in particular those which are associated with electric currents of upper atmospheric origin, on the other. Geoelectricity and geomagnetism were not always considered as be longing to quite different fields of geophysics. On the contrary, they were re cognized by the physicists of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century as two manifestations of one and the same physical phenomenon, which we pre sently refer to as electromagnetic fields. This can still be visualized from the choice of names of scientific journals. For instance, there still exists the Japanese Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, and the former name of the present American Journal of Geophysical Research was Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity. Whereas geomagnetism became the root of modern magnetospheric phys ics culminating in the space age exploration of the earth's environment, geo electricity evolved as a step-child of meteorology. The reason for this is clear. The atmospheric electric field observed on the ground reflects merely the local weather with all its frustrating unpredictability. The variable part of the geomagnetic field, however, is a useful indicator of ionospheric and magneto spheric electric current systems.

This book resulted from lectures which I gave at the Universities of Kyoto, Cologne, and Bonn.

Carbon-based Membranes for Separation Processes

This book provides a significant overview of carbon-related membranes. It will cover the development of carbon related membranes and membrane modules from its onset to the latest research on carbon mixed matrix membranes. After reviewing progress in the field, the authors indicate future research directions and prospective development. The authors also attempt to provide a guideline for the readers who would like to establish their own laboratories for carbon membrane research. For this purpose, detailed information on preparation, characterization and testing of various types of carbon membrane is provided. Design and construction of carbon membrane modules are also described in detail.

Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Dipak Rana, Takeshi Matsuura, Henry C. Foley. Ahmad
Fauzi Ismail Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC)
Materials and Manufacturing Research Alliance University Teknologi Malaysia,
81310, ...

Gas Separation Membranes

Polymeric and Inorganic

This book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.

Polymeric and Inorganic Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Kailash Chandra Khulbe, Takeshi
Matsuura. Kailash Chandra Khulbe Takeshi Matsuura Gas Separation
Membranes Polymeric and Inorganic Takeshi Matsuura Gas Separation
Membranes ...

Developments in Islamic Banking

The Case of Pakistan

This book explores the theoretical and practical features of Islamic banking. Using Pakistan as a detailed illustration, the text discusses recent developments and future prospects, demonstrating the model underpinning interest-free banking. It assesses the practical success of interest-free banking at both individual banks and state level.

If banks did not observe the regulatory limits ordained by these monetary
instruments, the SBP would charge them fines instead of penal interest.
Furthermore, the CII argued the SBP would use the tools of selective credit
control measures, the ...

Contributions to Islamic Economic Theory

A Study in Social Economics

The supply curve of money is for all practical purposes an elastic positively
sloped curve in an Islamic monetary sector. The Monetary Sector Equilibrium The
equilibrium of the monetary and expenditure sectors of the economy is explained
by ...

Studies in Islamic Political Science

There has been a great revival of interest in recent years in the concerns of Islamic political economy after several hundred years of hiatus in its long history. The independence of Muslim countries and the revival of Islamic movements around the world have been among the factors encouraging new interest among the Muslims and others in how economies and economic theory can be brought into line with the Islamic vision of a just society. Masudul Alam Choudhury shows that the contribution which Islamic political economy can make requires a study first of epistemological principles, about the purpose and sources of knowledge, the role of reason and the relationship between self-and social-interest in human affairs. The conclusions which arise from this analysis - about the role and limits of markets, the goal of combining efficiency and equity and the means of doing so with state provision of welfare everywhere in crisis - will prove illuminating to all of those interested in Islamic studies and political economy as well as to other observers and analysts of contemporary society.

The monetary and financial integration referred to above in the COMCEC
statement cannot be seen as evolving from the nature of transactions and the
economic and social neutrality of Islamic financial institutions in Islamic
transformation.

The Foundations of Islamic Political Economy

This rigorously written book on the areas of Islamic principle theory and application is expected to break new ground in modern economic analysis, both for the Islamically inclined and others. The main features of the book include analytical treatments of the essential axioms and instruments of Islamic Political Economy, their expected application, and a comparative perspective both in respect to contemporary Islamic literature as well as comparative economic theory.

I = S + (AMs) Then dI = dS + d(AMs) = 0 (7.53) for the Islamic monetary sector
equilibrium, since there is a one-to-one relationship between the monetary sector
and the investment sector in the Islamic economy. This further gives, (0S/ox)dx +
 ...

The Principles of Islamic Political Economy

A Methodological Enquiry

This book examines the methodological development of the principles of Islamic political economy in its theoretical and applied aspects. This is carried out in a general equilibrium framework using the theory of social choice. Thus a comparative study is also undertaken here in these areas while developing the theory of Islamic political economy. In these respects this book appears to be the first one of its kind.

For the Islamic monetary sector equilibrium we need, Ma = Ms (7.10) This means
that the supply of savings (=S+AER, AER denoting change in excess reserve, ER
) equals the demand for money capital for investment (I). Equation (7.10) yields ...

Macroprudential Regulation and Policy for the Islamic Financial Industry

Theory and Applications

This volume aims to discuss the current research, theory, methodology and applications of macropreudential regulation and policy for the Islamic financial industry. Published in cooperation with the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), this book features contributions from a workshop presented in collaboration with the University College of Bahrain (UCB) in Manama, Bahrain, aimed to bring together experts in Islamic banking and regulation and financial economics. This resulting book sheds light on how macroprudential policy may be implemented in the Islamic financial system, and indicates current challenges and their effects on economic growth, financial stability and monetary regulation. Macroprudential policy is increasingly seen as a way of dealing with the different dimensions of systemic risk. But many central banks, bank supervisors and regulators have limited experience with macroprudential tools, particularly in the Islamic financial industry. Given the complementarities between monetary policy and financial stability, it appears that central banks would always play an important role in macroprudential policy. But how should macroprudential policy best interact with monetary policy? It is becoming more pressing for the central banks to conduct monetary policy in which its conventional banking system operates side by side with Islamic banking system. This question has received increasing attention in the research literature but there is much we still need to learn. This is why new insights from research on macroprudential policy – which has gained important impetus in recent years – are so valuable. Featuring contributions on topics such as macroprudential regulation, policy, tools and instruments; governance, systematic risk, monetary policy, and bank leverage, the editors provide a collection of comprehensive research covering the most important issues on macroprudential policy and regulation for the Islamic financial industry. This volume is expected to be a significant contribution to the literature in the field of Islamic finance and evaluation of public policies to promote the development for Islamic financial industry. It is also served as a key text for students, academics, researchers, policy-makers in the field of Islamic finance.

In the late 1980s the authorities has started working on comprehensive financial
sector reforms with the help of financial reforms with the help of international
financial agencies such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

Modeling Performance Measurement

Applications and Implementation Issues in DEA

This volume addresses advanced DEA methodology and techniques developed for modeling unique new performance evaluation issues. Many numerical examples, real management cases and verbal descriptions make it very valuable for researchers and practitioners.

Gap analysis is often used as a fundamental method in performance evaluation
and benchmarking. However, as pointed out by Camp (1995), one of the
dilemmas that we face is how to show benchmarks where multiple
measurements exist.