Sebanyak 628 item atau buku ditemukan

Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery

The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.

The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998.

Problem-Based Learning in Clinical Education

The Next Generation

Developed in the context of health sciences education in the late 1960s, problem-based learning (PBL) is now widely deployed as an education methodology. Its problem-solving, collaborative, student-centred ethos is seen as a more appropriate system of pedagogy than earlier ‘chalk-and-talk’ modes. Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education. The work has a dual emphasis, research-driven on the one hand, while on the other assessing new methodologies to explore how problem-based curricula support the achievement of students’ learning outcomes in the context of clinical education. The chapters draw on studies that explore PBL both theoretically and empirically. The volume’s eclecticism capitalises on the growing body of empirical research into PBL evaluations. It balances this with studies analysing the relatively new area of discourse-based research on PBL-in-action, whose focus has been to interrogate the ‘how’ of student learning in curricula with PBL content.This publication will be of interest to clinical teachers, curriculum designers and those interested in innovations in the scholarship of teaching and learning in PBL curricula.

Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education.

Problem-Based Learning for Math & Science

Integrating Inquiry and the Internet

Illustrates how to strengthen learners' problem-solving skills by incorporating problem-based learning (PBL) with Internet resources and presents projects that correlate to national science, mathematics, and technology standards.

Illustrates how to strengthen learners' problem-solving skills by incorporating problem-based learning (PBL) with Internet resources and presents projects that correlate to national science, mathematics, and technology standards.

How To Think Like a Neandertal

There have been many books, movies, and even TV commercials featuring Neandertals--some serious, some comical. But what was it really like to be a Neandertal? How were their lives similar to or different from ours? In How to Think Like a Neandertal, archaeologist Thomas Wynn and psychologist Frederick L. Coolidge team up to provide a brilliant account of the mental life of Neandertals, drawing on the most recent fossil and archaeological remains. Indeed, some Neandertal remains are not fossilized, allowing scientists to recover samples of their genes--one specimen had the gene for red hair and, more provocatively, all had a gene called FOXP2, which is thought to be related to speech. Given the differences between their faces and ours, their voices probably sounded a bit different, and the range of consonants and vowels they could generate might have been different. But they could talk, and they had a large (perhaps huge) vocabulary--words for places, routes, techniques, individuals, and emotions. Extensive archaeological remains of stone tools and living sites (and, yes, they did often live in caves) indicate that Neandertals relied on complex technical procedures and spent most of their lives in small family groups. The authors sift the evidence that Neandertals had a symbolic culture--looking at their treatment of corpses, the use of fire, and possible body coloring--and conclude that they probably did not have a sense of the supernatural. The book explores the brutal nature of their lives, especially in northwestern Europe, where men and women with spears hunted together for mammoths and wooly rhinoceroses. They were pain tolerant, very likely taciturn, and not easy to excite. Wynn and Coolidge offer here an eye-opening portrait of Neandertals, painting a remarkable picture of these long-vanished people and providing insight, as they go along, into our own minds and culture.

They were a distinct population that had a separate evolutionary history for
several hundred thousand years, during which time they evolved a number of
derived characteristics not shared with Homo sapiens sapiens. At the same time,
a continent away, our ancestors were ... The result must have been a difference
far greater than the difference between Chinese and English, or indeed between
any pair of human languages. Specifying just how Neandertal communication
differed from ...

The Effects of Think-Pair-Share on Participation and Engagement of Second Grade Students During Whole Group Discussion

"A comparative research design was used to examine the effects of Think-Pair-Share on the participation and engagement of second grade students during whole group discussion about literature. The purpose of this action research study was to investigate the following research questions: Can the instructional strategy, Think-Pair-Share, improve the voluntary participation of second grade students during whole group discussion about literature? Will the use of Think-Pair-Share increase students. on-task behavior during whole group discussion? Two instructional strategies (Initiate-Response-Evaluate and Think-Pair-Share) were implemented during two separate conditions to observe and compare students' behavioral responses to each during literary discussion in the classroom. During each condition, two observation techniques were used to collect data. The measures for this study included a participation observation which measured incidents of students' voluntary hand-raising and an at-task analysis observation which measured students' on and off task behavior. The results indicated that Think-Pair-Share had a positive effect on students' voluntary participation, though it did not increase students. on-task behavior" -- Abstract, p. 1.

"A comparative research design was used to examine the effects of Think-Pair-Share on the participation and engagement of second grade students during whole group discussion about literature.

Kemampuan dasar hidup

prestasi literasi membaca, matematika, dan sains anak Indonesia usia 15 tahun di dunia internasional

A link between science and applications of automatic control

proceedings of the seventh triennial world congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control, Helsinki, Finland, 12-16 June 1978

(u) are linearly independent for i e I(u) . If the necessary conditions for the
programming problem are applied to the maximization problem (3. 3-1), (3.4-1)
results. Noting that the last three equations (3. 3) and (3. 4) are the same, leads to
Remark 1. If (u, x) satisfies (3. 3), it satisfies (3. 4). This type of result was first
noted by Horn and Lin [1Z] . In most cases (3. 4) is weaker than (3.3). Are there
circumstances where (3. 4-1) can be replaced by (3. 3-1)? An answer to this
question can be ...

Mencetak Anak Cerdas Dambaan Orang Tua

Setiap orang tua pasti men dambakan kehadiran anak yang baik yang memiliki karakter, kreatif, dan cerdas. Namun, dalam mewujudkan berbagai keinginan ini bukanlah persoalan yang mudah, meskipun juga tidak terlalu sulit dicapai. Buku ini mencoba hadir untuk membantu Anda, para orang tua, demi mewujudkan keinginan membentuk anak cerdas. Adapun buku ini berisi berbagai informasi, guna menyiap kan anak menjadi cerdas dari 0 bulan hingga balita, seperti gizi vitamin bagi bunda waktu hamil, vitamin bagi bayi hingga balita, serta persiapan dari calon ayah dan calon bunda ketika akan mengandung. Sehingga, kelak, anak memiliki pri badi yang cerdas dan menyenangkan bagi orang tua dan bermanfaat bagi orang lain. Semua tersebut tentunya sangat mendukung Anda dalam membentuk karakter, menumbuhkan kreativitas, mengembangkan minat, dan melejitkan kecerdasan anak. Dengan bahasa yang renyah dan mudah dicerna, buku ini siap mengantar Anda memiliki buah hati yang kreatif, cerdas, dan berkarakter kuat.

Dorongan Kecerdasan Janin Dalam Rahim Memiliki anak yang cerdas menjadi
impian setiap orang tua. Dalam memenuhi harapannya ayah-ibu bisa
mempersiapkan kebutuhan dan nutrisi bagi bayi, bisa sejak dalam kandungan.
Ada beberapa hal yang bisa ibu lakukan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan nya.
bayi Kecerdasan Latihan ini untuk sejak anak dalam menajamkan dapat rahim.
dilatih in g/K daya lewatG - 3 /G C ingat ketajaman si daya ingatayah-ibu lakukan
kehamilan, ...