Sebanyak 460 item atau buku ditemukan

Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning

Information technology has been, in recent years, under increasing commercial pressure to provide devices and systems which help/ replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure requires the use of logic as the underlying foundational workhorse of the area. New logics were developed as the need arose and new foci and balance has evolved within logic itself. One aspect of these new trends in logic is the rising impor tance of model based reasoning. Logics have become more and more tailored to applications and their reasoning has become more and more application dependent. In fact, some years ago, I myself coined the phrase "direct deductive reasoning in application areas", advocating the methodology of model-based reasoning in the strongest possible terms. Certainly my discipline of Labelled Deductive Systems allows to bring "pieces" of the application areas as "labels" into the logic. I therefore heartily welcome this important book to Volume 25 of the Applied Logic Series and see it as an important contribution in our overall coverage of applied logic.

I therefore heartily welcome this important book to Volume 25 of the Applied Logic Series and see it as an important contribution in our overall coverage of applied logic.

Semantic Grid: Model, Methodology, and Applications

Semantic Grid: Model, Methodology, and Applications introduces to the science, core technologies, and killer applications. First, scientific issues of semantic grid systems are covered, followed by two basic technical issues, data-level semantic mapping, and service-level semantic interoperating. Two killer applications are then introduced to show how to build a semantic grid for specific application domains. Although this book is organized in a step by step manner, each chapter is independent. Detailed application scenarios are also presented. In 1990, Prof. Wu invented the first KB-system tool, ZIPE, based on C on a SUN platform. He proposed the first coupling knowledge representing model, Couplingua, which embodies Rule, Frame, Semantic Network and Nerve Cell Network, and supports symbol computing and data processing computing. His current focus is on semantic web, grid & ubiquitous computing, and their applications in the life sciences.

Abstract: Data mining and knowledge discovery focus on the extraction of useful
patterns from data. Different from data mining using traditional systems, the
Semantic Grid provides a new computational environment, and also a new
architecture for data mining. The dynamic extension of algorithms, the
transparent integration of data, and the further refinement of knowledge, are the
main characteristics of knowledge discovery using such architecture. As high-
level services of the ...

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Abduction, Logic, and Computational Discovery

Systematically presented to enhance the feasibility of fuzzy models, this book introduces the novel concept of a fuzzy network whose nodes are rule bases and their interconnections are interactions between rule bases in the form of outputs fed as inputs.

Abduction, Logic, and Computational Discovery (MBR09BRAZIL), held at the
University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil in December 2009. A previous volume,
Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery, edited by L. Magnani, N.J.
Nersessian, and P. Thagard (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York,
1999; Chinese edition, China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 2000),
was based on the papers presented at the first “model-based reasoning”
international ...

Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery

The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.

The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998.

Problem-Based Learning in Teacher Education

This book offers readers a comprehensive understanding of problem-based learning (PBL) in teacher education. Featuring the perspectives of experienced teacher educators, it details the strengths of problem-based learning pedagogy as well as identifies continuing challenges and future possibilities. The book explains the goals, content, processes and strategies of a successful and longstanding problem-based learning teacher education program at the University of British Columbia. It features contributions from tutors, faculty, school administrators, faculty advisors, school advisors, librarians and pre-service teachers who share their perspectives about problem-based learning as a robust and exciting approach for teaching and learning. Overall, the contributors to the book discuss the history of the program, its implementation and future directions. In the process, readers discover the ways that problem-based learning has succeeded in preparing educators to teach diverse learners and acquire the professional dispositions necessary for teaching in today’s multilingual/multicultural classrooms.

This book offers readers a comprehensive understanding of problem-based learning (PBL) in teacher education.

Problem-Based Learning in Clinical Education

The Next Generation

Developed in the context of health sciences education in the late 1960s, problem-based learning (PBL) is now widely deployed as an education methodology. Its problem-solving, collaborative, student-centred ethos is seen as a more appropriate system of pedagogy than earlier ‘chalk-and-talk’ modes. Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education. The work has a dual emphasis, research-driven on the one hand, while on the other assessing new methodologies to explore how problem-based curricula support the achievement of students’ learning outcomes in the context of clinical education. The chapters draw on studies that explore PBL both theoretically and empirically. The volume’s eclecticism capitalises on the growing body of empirical research into PBL evaluations. It balances this with studies analysing the relatively new area of discourse-based research on PBL-in-action, whose focus has been to interrogate the ‘how’ of student learning in curricula with PBL content.This publication will be of interest to clinical teachers, curriculum designers and those interested in innovations in the scholarship of teaching and learning in PBL curricula.

Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education.

Problem-Based Learning

An Approach to Medical Education

In this book, the authors address some basic problems in the learning of biomedical science, medicine, and the other health sciences. Students in most medical schools, especially in basic science courses, are required to memorize a large number of "facts," facts which may or may not be relevant to medical practice. Problem-based learning has two fundamental postulates--the learning through problem-solving is much more effective for creating a body of knowledge usable in the future, and that physician skills most important for patients are problem-solving skills, rather than memory skills. This book presents the scientific basis of problem-based learning and goes on to describe the approaches to problem-based medical learning that have been developed over the years at McMaster University, largely by Barrows and Tamblyn.

This book presents the scientific basis of problem-based learning and goes on to describe the approaches to problem-based medical learning that have been developed over the years at McMaster University, largely by Barrows and Tamblyn.

Electron Correlation and Magnetism in Narrow-Band Systems

Proceedings of the Third Taniguchi International Symposium, Mount Fuji, Japan, November 1–5, 1980

Speech by Toyosaburo Taniguchi Welcome my friends to the Third International Symposium, Division on the Theory of Condensed Matter, of the Taniguchi Foundation. The need is now greater than ever for Japan to consider how to strengthen and foster international understanding between nations, peoples and societies, and how to contribute towards the establishment of peace and prosperity in the world. For more than twenty years, I have been supporting a symposium on mathe matics in which distinguished scholars from allover the world have engaged in free discussions. In this symposium, all the participants live together in community style. I have heard from members of some of these study groups that this type of setup has helped to strengthen their ties and relationships with their colleagues on a personal basis. What developed in the mathematics group led me to reorganize and strengthen the Taniguchi Foundation only a few years ago through additional funding. In order to effectively translate the objectives of the Foundation into action with the funds available, it becomes necessary to select those fields which are not necessarily in the limelight of popular interest, which means those fields which, I am afraid, are low in funding. I would rather choose from modest unimpressive academic fields than for the Foundation, projects those that stand out in gaudy, gorgeous popular acclaim.

1. Introduction One-dimensional models occupy a special niche in the theory of
highly correlated systems: on the one hand, essentially all the non-trivial models
that can be exactly solved are one-dimensional, but on the other hand, the
physics that such solutions reveal is of a special one-dimensional kind, without
parallel in the higher-dimensional world. Indeed, although the original motivation
for studying such models was as a "warming-up" exercise before tackling the real
, ...

Correlation Force Spectroscopy for Single Molecule Measurements

This thesis addresses the development of a new force spectroscopy tool, correlation force spectroscopy (CFS) for the measurement of the properties of very small volumes of material (molecular to μm3) at kHz-MHz frequency range. CFS measures the simultaneous thermal fluctuations of two closely-spaced atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers. CFS then calculates the cross-correlation in the thermal fluctuations that gives the mechanical properties of the matter that spans the gap of the two cantilevers. The book also discusses development of CFS, its advantages over AFM, and its application in single molecule force spectroscopy and micro-rheology.

My perseverance, motivation, and ambition in this PhD thesis were due to a
supporting family that accompanied me every single day in the past few years,
although miles and miles away, but living with me and in my heart every single
minute. It is not easy to put into words, but simply, the years that I spent as a PhD
student in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Virginia Tech have been
the most inspiring and promising years of my life. I owe this invaluable
experience to the ...

Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization

Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization provides in-depth descriptions of those data analysis approaches that either summarize data (principal component analysis and clustering, including hierarchical and network clustering) or correlate different aspects of data (decision trees, linear rules, neuron networks, and Bayes rule). Boris Mirkin takes an unconventional approach and introduces the concept of multivariate data summarization as a counterpart to conventional machine learning prediction schemes, utilizing techniques from statistics, data analysis, data mining, machine learning, computational intelligence, and information retrieval. Innovations following from his in-depth analysis of the models underlying summarization techniques are introduced, and applied to challenging issues such as the number of clusters, mixed scale data standardization, interpretation of the solutions, as well as relations between seemingly unrelated concepts: goodness-of-fit functions for classification trees and data standardization, spectral clustering and additive clustering, correlation and visualization of contingency data. The mathematical detail is encapsulated in the so-called “formulation” parts, whereas most material is delivered through “presentation” parts that explain the methods by applying them to small real-world data sets; concise “computation” parts inform of the algorithmic and coding issues. Four layers of active learning and self-study exercises are provided: worked examples, case studies, projects and questions.

There are many motivations for this method, of which we consider the following: 1
. Scoring a hidden factor 2. Data visualization 3. Feature space reduction P5.2.1.
1 Scoring a Hidden Factor Hidden Factor with a Multiplicative Decoder Consider
the following problem. Given student's marks at different subjects, can we derive
from this their score at a hidden factor of talent that is supposedly reflected in the
marks? Take a look, for example, at the first six students' marks over the three ...