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Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

July 12-15, 1996, University of California, San Diego

This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 18th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Papers have been loosely grouped by topic, and an author index is provided in the back. In hopes of facilitating searches of this work, an electronic index on the Internet's World Wide Web is provided. Titles, authors, and summaries of all the papers published here have been placed in an online database which may be freely searched by anyone. You can reach the Web site at: http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/events/cogsci96/proceedings. You may view the table of contents for this volume on the LEA Web site at: http://www.erlbaum.com.

Metacognitive. Models. and. Situation. Assessment. Pat-Anthony. Federico. Navy
Personnel Research and Development Center 53335 Ryne Road San Diego, CA
92152-7250 ... Canonical, regression, and correlation analyses and
multidimensional scaling established that two of four metacognitive link weights
were significantly associated with (1) three of six measures of sorting
performance, and (2) one of two dimensions derived for the scaling solution of
pairwise similarity ratings.

The Taxonomy of Metacognition

This book clarifies the construct of metacognition so that researchers and teachers can develop a better understanding of it. This is an important and broad ranging contribution, which can be drawn upon and applied in many related areas, by researchers, psychologists, teachers and any profession interested in psychological learning processes.

Two correlational studies (Kelly et al., 1976; Salatas and Flavell, 1976) found no
signi®cant correlation between memory performance and metamemory (
Borkowski et al., 1988; Joyner and Kurtz-Costes, 1997), whereas Yussen and
Berman's (1981) study found a signi®cant correlation (Joyner and Kurtz-Costes,
1997). The training studies believed that mnemonic training would lead to a
better understanding of memory and memory processes. Generally, training of
mnemonics did ...

Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness of Counselling in Health Care

Written jointly by a counsellor and an economist, the book is intended to help counsellors and service providers carry out simple cost-effectiveness analysis in their own setting, with a good understanding of the purposes, methods and limitations of the tools they are using. Practical and informative, Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Counselling in Health Care will be useful to all those who currently provide or are considering the development of a counselling service.

Effectiveness and Reform of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

The United Nations' development co-operation has often been criticized in the past; many shortcomings can indeed be identified. However, efforts to overcome the existing problems have been stepped up. A key role in the reform of the UN in this area is played by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This study is intended as a constructive contribution to the current debate on the reform of UN development co-operation. It analyses both the main weaknesses of UN development co-operation as a whole and the reforms that have so far been undertaken. On this basis it identifies the areas in which further efforts are needed if the UNDP is to become more effective.

EFFECTIVENESS. AND. REFORM. OF. THE. UNDP. Figure 1: Structure of the
United Nation International Trusteeship General Asscmby Economic and Security
Council Secretariat 1 Court of Justice Council Social Council * Peace•keeping
Operations • Main committees • Millitary StafT Committee * Standing comn littccs
Specialized agencies • Other subsidiary bodies • ILO International Labour
Organization • UNRWA • FAO Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations
Relief and ...

Public Policy in Israel

An examination of the current Israeli government, covering public policies such as health, housing and transport. The volume covers the institutional as well as the political and the bureaucratic framework within which public policies have been made and implemented.

INTRODUCTION The reader of literature on public policy in Israel may remark on
the contrasting images that arise when one examines the features of the
centralized bureaucratic government versus the characteristics of decision-
making. On the one hand, the large, highly interventionist public bureaucracy
extends great influence over the economy and other aspects of life1 possessing
characteristics that relate generally to 'strong states'.1 Yet, on the other hand, the
process of ...

The Science of Public Policy

Essential Readings in Policy Science

Penetrating the voluminous literature on the science of public policy, this set offers a comprehensive collection of papers on this significant discipline. Published in two parts, areas covered include the historical development, basic philosophies, approaches, methods and problems of the policy sciences and new sciences of public policy. With new introductions to the individual volumes by the editor, this collection provides the reader with an expansive and detailed source of reference, making this set an invaluable tool for anybody researching aspects of this interdisciplinary area.

A conceptual understanding of the policy process is fundamentally important to
an analysis of public policy. The public policy process refers to all the
mechanisms through which the decision making and the implementation of
public policy are made in our society. It is a process in the sense that it involves a
linked series of activities and events oriented to the achievement of one or more
specific objectives. The policy process characterizes how a political system goes
about transforming ...

Public Administration and Public Policy in Ireland

Theory and Methods

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to public policy and administration in Ireland, thereby bridging the gap between general texts on public policy and policy analysis and books on Irish politics. Each chapter covers one of the key issues in policy analysis, eg. rational choice, corporatism, and then illustrates this with an empirical Irish case study. With the inclusion of further reading, overviews of main concepts and source material, the editors provide a student-friendly textbook which fills an important gap in the available literature on Irish politics and public administration.

Introduction Few people engaged in studies of public policy have managed to
avoid consideration of policy networks and the utility of network analysis. A great
deal has been written and continues to be written about their capacity to further
our understanding of the policy process. So much so that the discussion has
grown tiresome, as those of contradictory viewpoints fail to convince one another
and those of no firm view are increasingly frustrated by the proliferation of 'new
improved' ...

Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

This classic text on multiple regression is noted for its nonmathematical, applied, and data-analytic approach. Readers profit from its verbal-conceptual exposition and frequent use of examples. The applied emphasis provides clear illustrations of the principles and provides worked examples of the types of applications that are possible. Researchers learn how to specify regression models that directly address their research questions. An overview of the fundamental ideas of multiple regression and a review of bivariate correlation and regression and other elementary statistical concepts provide a strong foundation for understanding the rest of the text. The third edition features an increased emphasis on graphics and the use of confidence intervals and effect size measures, and an accompanying CD with data for most of the numerical examples along with the computer code for SPSS, SAS, and SYSTAT. Applied Multiple Regression serves as both a textbook for graduate students and as a reference tool for researchers in psychology, education, health sciences, communications, business, sociology, political science, anthropology, and economics. An introductory knowledge of statistics is required. Self-standing chapters minimize the need for researchers to refer to previous chapters.

In this example, as may be judged from its mean and sd (Table 8.5.1), it would
signify a very low (possibly the lowest possible) level of motivation, so these
contrasts imply significantly higher performance for the control group than the
average of the experimental groups when motivation is very low. In summary, the
analysis indicates markedly different (linear) relationships between level of
motivation and performance as a function of instructions. The two experimental
groups show ...

Engineering Psychology & Human Performance

Forming connections between human performance and design Engineering Psychology and Human Performance, 4e examines human-machine interaction. The book is organized directly from the psychological perspective of human information processing. The chapters generally correspond to the flow of information as it is processed by a human being--from the senses, through the brain, to action--rather than from the perspective of system components or engineering design concepts. This book is ideal for a psychology student, engineering student, or actual practitioner in engineering psychology, human performance, and human factors Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: * Identify how human ability contributes to the design of technology. * Understand the connections within human information processing and human performance. * Challenge the way they think about technology's influence on human performance. * show how theoretical advances have been, or might be, applied to improving human-machine interaction

This book is ideal for a psychology student, engineering student, or actual practitioner in engineering psychology, human performance, and human factors Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: * Identify how ...

Engineering Psychology and Human Performance

Forming connections between human performance and design Engineering Psychology and Human Performance, 4e examines human-machine interaction. The book is organized directly from the psychological perspective of human information processing. The chapters generally correspond to the flow of information as it is processed by a human being--from the senses, through the brain, to action--rather than from the perspective of system components or engineering design concepts. This book is ideal for a psychology student, engineering student, or actual practitioner in engineering psychology, human performance, and human factors Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: * Identify how human ability contributes to the design of technology. * Understand the connections within human information processing and human performance. * Challenge the way they think about technology's influence on human performance. * show how theoretical advances have been, or might be, applied to improving human-machine interaction

This book is ideal for a psychology student, engineering student, or actual practitioner in engineering psychology, human performance, and human factors Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: * Identify how ...