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Egypt, Syria and the War on Gaza: A Study on the Egyptian and Syrian Foreign Policy Responses to the 2008/ 2009 Gaza War

مصر وسوريا والحرب على غزة: دراسة في ردود فعل السياسة الخارجية المصرية والسورية لحرب غزة 2009/2008

Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies and Consultations in Beirut has published a new book: Egypt, Syria and the War on Gaza: A Study on the Egyptian and Syrian Foreign Policy Responses to the 2008/2009 Gaza War, written by Muslim Imran Abu Umar. The original text of this book was a dissertation submitted in June 2013 in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Political Science at the International Islamic University Malaysia. This 103-page book focuses on the differences and similarities in the foreign policy responses of Egypt and Syria towards the 2008/2009 Gaza War. Five domestic and external factors are used to compare the foreign policy responses of Egypt and Syria, these are; Arab Nationalism, Islam, security concerns, economic concerns, and type of alliance. The author analyzes the official statements of the officials of Egypt, Syria, Israel, Hamas and the Palestinian Authority to understand, classify, and compare the policies adopted. A qualitative approach in which a content analysis is carried out is used to reach conclusions. Abu Umar concludes that while Islam and Arab Nationalism were very influential factors for the Egyptian and Syrian public, they had a minimal impact on foreign policy makers in the two states. Both security concerns and the type of alliance were very influential in the foreign policy making of the two states. Economic concerns were less important in both Egyptian and Syrian responses to the 2008/2009 Gaza War.

Public opinion was clearly against the Israeli operation, to the extent that the
Grand Mufti of Egypt, Ali Goma, described the attack as “a new Holocaust that
exceeds the one Jews went through.”67 Scholars of Al-Azhar, the foremost
Islamic Institution of religious teaching in the Muslim World, expressed their
support for the Palestinian resistance on many occasions.68 Knowing the role
and size of Al-Azhar, Egyptian policymakers had to take its position into account.
This complex pattern ...

Islamic Law on Peasant Usufruct in Ottoman Syria

17th to early 19th Century

Drawing on Hanafi legal texts from Ottoman Syria between the 17th and early 19th centuries, this book examines how jurists balanced the rights and obligations of tenants and landlords on state and waqf lands, contributing in the process to the dynamism of the law and the adaptability and longevity of the Ottoman land system.

CHAPTER FOUR UPHOLDING THE INTEGRITY OF SHARĪʿA VIS À VIS
QANŪN There is ample evidence that qanūn and sharīʿa certainly
complemented one another (thanks in large part to the efforts of Abu al-Suʿūd to
recon- cile the two) and that jurists, judges, and legal officials across the Empire
played an integral role in applying qanūn in various realms of law. However, the
evolution of the qanūn-sharīʿa relationship, particularly after the sixteenth
century, has also been ...

The Ayyubid Era. Art and Architecture in Medieval Syria

This new MWNF Travel Book was conceived not long before the war started. All texts refer to the pre-war situation and are our expression of hope that Syria, a land that witnessed the evolution of civilisation since the beginnings of human history, may soon become a place of peace and the driving force behind a new and peaceful beginning for the entire region. Bilad al-Sham testifies to a thorough and strategic programme of urban reconstruction and reunification during the 12th and 13th centuries. Amidst a period of fragmentation, visionary leadership came with the Atabeg Nur al-Din Zangi. He revived Syria’s cities as safe havens to restore order. His most agile Kurdish general, Salah al-Din (Saladin), assumed power after he died and unified Egypt and Sham into one force capable of re-conquering Jerusalem from the Crusaders. The Ayyubid Empire flourished and continued the policy of patronage. Though short-lived, this era held long-lasting resonance for the region. Its recognisable architectural aesthetic – austere, yet robust and perfected ‒ survived until modern times. The Ayyubid Era: Art and Architecture in Medieval Syria describes eight thematic Itineraries including, among others, the cities of Damascus, Bosra, Homs, Hama, Aleppo and Raqqa.

A single gate being more defensible, the two side entrances were blocked up
during the Islamic period. The minaret is evidence of Nur al-Din's reconstructions,
as are the extensions of the wall, albeit with smaller stones, the arrow slits and
the machicolations. I.1.g Tower of al-Salih Ayyub (Option) Continue walking
around the walls for a further 500 m, past the traffic triangle, cemetery and
contemporary mosque on your left. Directly facing the mosque is the base of the
square tower.

Syria and Bilad Al-Sham Under Ottoman Rule

Essays in Honour of Abdul Karim Rafeq

This volume brings together some thirty essays in a Festschrift in honour of Abdul-Karim Rafeq, the leading historian of Ottoman Syria, touching on themes in socio-economic history which have been Rafeq's principal academic concerns.

ABDUL KARIM RAFEQ, HISTORIAN OF SYRIA: SOME PERSONAL
OBSERVATIONS Ulrike Freitag This paper is not intended as a strictly academic
analysis of the work of Abdul-Karim Rafeq. Instead, it is meant as a way of
thanking him for ...

Early Islamic Syria

After more than a century of neglect, a profound revolution is occurring in the way archaeology addresses and interprets developments in the social history of early Islamic Syria-Palestine. This concise book offers an innovative assessment of social and economic developments in Syria-Palestine shortly before, and in the two centuries after, the Islamic expansion (the later sixth to the early ninth century AD), drawing on a wide range of new evidence from recent archaeological work. Alan Walmsley challenges conventional explanations for social change with the arrival of Islam, arguing for considerable cultural and economic continuity rather than devastation and unrelenting decline. Much new, and increasingly non-elite, architectural evidence and an ever-growing corpus of material culture indicate that Syria-Palestine entered a new age of social richness in the early Islamic period, even if the gains were chronologically and regionally uneven.

Dinar: Early Islamic monetary unit in gold, originating in the Byzantine solidus
with the name coming from Latin denarius (a silver denomination). Dirham: Early
Islamic monetary unit in silver, based on the Sasanid silver drachm. Fals/fulus: ...