Sebanyak 38 item atau buku ditemukan

Genre Analysis of Article Abstracts in International and Chinese TESOL Journals Written in English and Its Use in Teaching English for Academic Purposes in a Tertiary Institution in China

This study recommends a structure for academic writing courses for Chinese TESOL MA students, focusing not only on language patterns emerging from the genre analysis, but also on the construction of individual academic portfolios, in which students build up a sample range of assessed academic writing. The portfolio would include language expression, research methods and analyses, literature reviews and academic writing skills, including abstract writing. These recommendations are expected to promote the reform of the MA TESOL curriculum, arouse Chinese practitioners' interest in submitting articles to international journals, and guide MA students to do research in institutions like Chongqing University.

This study recommends a structure for academic writing courses for Chinese TESOL MA students, focusing not only on language patterns emerging from the genre analysis, but also on the construction of individual academic portfolios, in which ...

The Influence of Collectivism and Individualism on Argumentative Writing by Chinese and North Americans

Certain English writing difficulties Chinese ESL/EFL students encounter have been attributed to the interference of L1 (first language) writing conventions. Reported differences between preferred writing styles in Chinese and in English composition have been linked to their respective cultural orientations: collectivism and individualism. However, most analyses comparing Chinese and English writing patterns were based only on anecdotal evidence. No previous studies examined individual differences in collectivism or individualism within cultural groups. This study conducted analyses of writing features theoretically linked to collectivist or individualist orientations. These features were: indirectness, neutrality of stance, personal disclosure (first person singular pronouns and personal anecdote), use of proverbs/clichés, collective self (first personal plural pronouns, and statements of humaneness and collective virtues), and assertiveness. Comparisons were made across languages and nationalities (Taiwanese and US students) and also across language alone (Taiwanese writing in Chinese and in English). Associations with measured collectivism were also tested. The findings regarding the measure of collectivist self-image showed that Taiwanese undergraduates produced more group-oriented self-descriptions than did US undergraduates. However, no writing features were significantly associated with this variable. In writing features, US students, compared to Taiwanese students' Chinese writing, were found to be more direct, to hold more polarized positions, and to reveal a higher frequency of personal anecdotes. Taiwanese students, in contrast, tended to be flexible in their argumentative stances, to use more proverbs, and to express humaneness and collective virtues with greater frequency. Taiwanese students' English writing showed influences of L1 writing conventions in indirectness, personal anecdotes, humaneness and collective virtues. Taiwanese students writing in English, as compared with their native language, were less often flexible in their positions, and less likely to use proverbs or clichés. Surprisingly, they were more likely to use first person pronouns in English. Curiously, they were less assertive in English than in Chinese. Thus, use of writing features was associated with nationality and language, but not with participants' measured levels of collectivism. This pattern of findings implies that certain writing features are culture-typical, more a matter of socialized conventions, rather than due to differences in collectivist or individualist self-concept.

Certain English writing difficulties Chinese ESL/EFL students encounter have been attributed to the interference of L1 (first language) writing conventions.

Catalogue of Fine English and Continental Porcelain and Pottery..., Also Chinese Porcelain, the Property of Major S. D. M. Wilson, and the Property of the Late Lady Margaret Levett..., Valuable Old French and English Furniture, Etc...

A Synchronic and Diachronic Study of the Grammar of the Chinese Xiang Dialects

This is the first book in Chinese linguistics which discusses the grammar of a dialect group, in this case the Xiang dialect spoken in Hunan, from both a synchronic and diachronic prespective. The author uses new data and new frameworks to present her analysis. The synchronic part covers contemporary grammar across localities within the Xiang-speaking area by using the methods and theories of comparative and typological linguistics. The diachronic analysis reconstructs earlier grammatical systems based mainly on modern data but also on historical written records, and analyses the development of the syntactic systems of the Xiang dialects, adopting the methods and theories of historical linguistics and grammaticalization. The discussions in this book raise new issues on dialect research which have not yet been fully acknowledged by Chinese dialectologists. The author shows, for example, how the earlier layers of grammar may be reconstructed on the basis of modern data, and how the path of grammaticalization of functional words may be traced. The discussions reveal that the Xiang dialect group forms a transitional zone between northern and southern dialects. The syntactic constructions in these two areas often co-exist or are mingled in Xiang. Thus, the grammatical constructions in different localities of the Xiang dialect group often provide a bridge connecting the constructions of northern and southern Chinese, or Modern Chinese and Chinese of earlier periods. This book is of interest to scholars and students who are working on grammar, dialectology, historical linguistics, comparative linguistics, typological linguistics, and grammaticalization, as well as those researchers focusing on language policy, language acquisition, and education.

The linguistic approach of this book Studies of grammaticalization have achieved
great success based on the ... Research into grammar seeks to discover or
explain how the different grammatical units, namely morphemes, words, phrases
and clauses, work together to express ideas. The framework in this book is
determined by two key aspects, grammatical words and word order, which are
the two main ...

The Basic English-Chinese Chinese-English dictionary, using simplified characters

with an appendix containing the original complex characters : transliterated in accordance with the new, official Chinese phonetic alphabet

Chinese Remainder Theorem Based Single and Multi-group Key Management Protocols

Researchers have proposed different designs for group key management (GKM). In general GKM protocols need to consider the trade-off between key server side and user side costs, which includes space, computation, and messaging requirements. The currently available representative set of GKM protocols require the key server to do O(log n) of key computation and transmission, and each user to have O(log n) of key space and do O(log n) of key processing, for a group with n users.

We will begin with the Base Chinese Remaindering Group Key Management
Protocol. The BCRGK protocol is not a practically efficient protocol by itself (we
will analyze the reason later.). It mainly serves the purpose of providing the
concept ...