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Model Organisms in Drug Discovery

Fruit flies are "little people with wings" goes the saying in the scientific community, ever since the completion of the Human Genome Project and its revelations about the similarity amongst the genomes of different organisms. It is humbling that most signalling pathways which "define" humans are conserved in Drosophila, the common fruit fly. Feed a fruit fly caffeine and it has trouble falling asleep; feed it antihistamines and it cannot stay awake. A C. elegans worm placed on the antidepressant flouxetine has increased serotonin levels in its tiny brain. Yeast treated with chemotherapeutics stop their cell division. Removal of a single gene from a mouse or zebrafish can cause the animals to develop Alzheimer’s disease or heart disease. These organisms are utilized as surrogates to investigate the function and design of complex human biological systems. Advances in bioinformatics, proteomics, automation technologies and their application to model organism systems now occur on an industrial scale. The integration of model systems into the drug discovery process, the speed of the tools, and the in vivo validation data that these models can provide, will clearly help definition of disease biology and high-quality target validation. Enhanced target selection will lead to the more efficacious and less toxic therapeutic compounds of the future. Leading experts in the field provide detailed accounts of model organism research that have impacted on specific therapeutic areas and they examine state-of-the-art applications of model systems, describing real life applications and their possible impact in the future. This book will be of interest to geneticists, bioinformaticians, pharmacologists, molecular biologists and people working in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly genomics.

Until the late 20th century, drug discovery was mainly a linear process based on
the screening and testing of thousands of chemical substances for therapeutic
activity. The drug discovery process could be broken down into the following
steps: target selection, assay development, primary screening for chemical hits,
hit to lead compound optimization, preclinical and clinical development and,
finally, market launch. Early bottlenecks such as the typically limited availability of
discovery ...

Nurturing the Older Brain and Mind

Although our physical abilities clearly decline as we age, cognitive decline in healthy old age is neither universal nor inevitable. In Nurturing the Older Brain, Pamela Greenwood and Raja Parasuraman show that scientific research does not support the popular notion of the inexorable and progressive effects of cognitive aging in all older adults. They report that many adults maintain a high level of cognitive function into old age and that certain experiential and lifestyle factors--including education, exercise, diet, and opportunities for new learning--contribute to the preservation of cognitive abilities. Many popular accounts draw similar conclusions and give similar lifestyle advice but lack supporting scientific evidence. Greenwood and Parasuraman offer a comprehensive review of research on cognitive and brain aging. They show that even the aged brain remains capable of plasticity -- the ability to adapt to and benefit from experience -- and they summarize evidence that brain plasticity is heightened by certain types of cognitive training, by aerobic exercise, and by certain diets. They also report on the somewhat controversial use of estrogen and cognition-enhancing drugs, on environmental adaptations (including "virtual assistants") that help older adults "age in place," and on genetic factors in cognitive aging. The past twenty years of research points to ways that older adults can lead rich and cognitively vital lives. As millions of baby boomers head toward old age, Greenwood and Parasuraman's accessible book could not be more timely.

The past twenty years of research points to ways that older adults can lead rich and cognitively vital lives. As millions of baby boomers head toward old age, Greenwood and Parasuraman's accessible book could not be more timely.

Fresh Flower Displays

Inspirational Arrangements with Glorious Fresh Flowers

This selection of flower displays aims to provide ideas to help make the most of fresh flowers in both classic and informal compositions, from beautiful floral gift wrappings to casual posies.'

This selection of flower displays aims to provide ideas to help make the most of fresh flowers in both classic and informal compositions, from beautiful floral gift wrappings to casual posies.

IELTS Express

Upper Intermediate. Workbook

Buku Pintar Remaja Gaul

Penuntun Agar Sukses Belajar, Bergaul, dan Tetap Fun

HAI! Apa kamu termasuk yang pusing tujuh keliling jadi remaja? Musti belajar, tapi musti juga bergaul? Kudu ngerjain tugas rumah, sedangkan teman-teman sudah nggak sabar ngajak nonton? Belum lagi kalau ada konflik sama ortu, atau ketanggor teman yang kerjanya ngajak yang nggak-nggak kaya nyobain miras atau narkoba? Take it easy, guys! Buku Pintar Remaja Gaul bakal bikin hari-harimu lebih Smooth. Buku ini memuat ratusan kiat, cara, langkah-langkah yang bakal membantumu berpikir, memberimu kepercayaan diri, menyisakan waktu luangmu lebih banyak. Pokonya: memudahkan kamu menjalani hidup ini. Soalnya, semua informasi yang kamu butuhkan sebagai remaja ada di buku ini. [Mizan, Kaifa, Panduan, Remaja, Indonesia]

Masalahnya? Obat-obatan terlarang tidak peduli apa yang menjadi penyebab
pemakaiannya. Berbagai akibat (negatif) yang sama bisa timbul tanpa membeda
-bedakan apa yang menyebabkan dirimu memakainya. Alasan lain yang sering
digunakan orang-orang yang menggunakan obat- obatan adalah mereka ingin
mengubah keadaan mereka. Masalahnya? Semua itu tidak nyata. Kamu
belumlah mengubah keadaanmu; kamu hanya dialihkan dari kenyataan untuk
sementara ...

Using Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in the Visual Arts

Using Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in Visual Arts

Use the Internet to teach visual arts and refine students' critical thinking skills. Based on the Discipline-Based Art Education program, a proven art instruction program that teaches everything from the creative process and art history to criticism and aesthetics, this guide provides Web sources--and guidelines to evaluate these sources--on painting, sculpture, drawings, prints, and architecture from prehistoric and ancient Middle Eastern art periods through the Renaissance and 20th century.

Based on the Discipline-Based Art Education program, a proven art instruction program that teaches everything from the creative process and art history to criticism and aesthetics, this guide provides Web sources--and guidelines to evaluate ...

Strategies for Cultural Competency in Indian Health Care

Finally, a book taht provides real world, practical models to address the corss-cultural and health care needs of American Indians and Alaska Natives. By detailing six programs that span five states, this book offers a blueprint for how health care professionals can provide culturally competent care to these important and often neglected populations. And if that wasn't enough, the book presents key perspectives and insights on how programs such as these can be replicated in many settings across the country-and how we can truly develop systems that are culturally competent.

By detailing six programs that span five states, this book offers a blueprint for how health care professionals can provide culturally competent care to these important and often neglected populations.