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Corporate Social Responsibility as an International Marketing Approach

Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: The purpose of this paper Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an International Marketing Approach is to identify an approach to merchandize corporate social responsibility on an international level. Solely promoting a company s CSR initiatives and its philosophy globally has not yet been attempted. My intention is to illustrate the possibilities of promoting CSR internationally, due to the fact of the rising interest in the subject and the resulting pressure from the outside world. To pursue this goal, general information about corporate social responsibility will have to be illustrated, along with two basic examples at the beginning, so the reader can understand the main framework of CSR. It is shown how companies can evaluate the potential that lie behind the implementation, demonstrating benefits for the company itself and other parties that can profit from CSR initiatives. Is CSR a product, a service or non of it? Is it possible to promote it as a whole? If not, how can something that is not a product or service be merchandized? These questions will be answered during the course of the paper. Possible problems of this approach during the analysis will be illustrated and swept aside with countermeasures. To demonstrate the possibilities of using CSR as an international marketing tool, the aspects which can be of use to this approach will be identified. The approaches are underlined by examples making it easier for the reader to follow. Moreover parallels of CSR aspects will be demonstrated to clarify the similarities between them. It has to be mentioned as well that there are approaches by companies to mislead consumers with false claims for their own profit. But countermeasures against these black sheep have been taken and the result will be revealed. What role does marketing really play for CSR? The relationship between a company s CSR philosophy and its possible marketing approaches involve different kinds of commitment which will be looked at in detail. But companies also have the possibility to find prominent partners for their efforts to show their social involvement. As a consequence several parties can profit from it due to mutual engagement and goals. In today s times in which globalization plays a big role, a company s CSR initiatives cannot be kept solely on a small scale but must be transferred onto an international level. The question how CSR aspects can be merchandized globally will [...]

CSR as a Marketing Approach The following chapter will illustrate the potential of
integrating an international marketing approach into a company's corporate
social responsibilities philosophy. The demonstrations that will be shown are
based ...

Total Quality Management For Micro-businesses in the Manufacturing Industry

Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Total Quality Management (TQM) has already made its mark in history. Big players in major industries, such as Ford and Siemens, have already aligned their business and production processes to this holistic management concept. Over the past three decades there are more medium-sized companies applying TQM principles to their business. Quality has been important in helping companies gaining a competitive edge in globalized markets. TQM with its extensive set of methods aims to embed quality awareness among all departments of a company where work affects the quality of the products. There are thousands of articles and books written on how large and medium sized companies have successfully implemented of TQM. An extensive literature review and interviews of experts and owners of very small businesses (micro-businesses) indicate that this is the only industry where TQM systems have not yet been implemented. Although micro-businesses are pressured by their customers to achieve high levels of quality in their products, there is not enough research that addresses the issues of implementing TQM practices for micro-businesses. Scientific literature does not provide answers to crucial questions such as: - What methods of quality management are currently being in use in micro-businesses? - How could a TQM system be tailored to meet the needs in a micro-business environment? This thesis is part of a large-scale field study that recently has been launched by the Howe School of Technology Management at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ. The study aims to reveal answers to the questions listed above. This thesis forms the foundation for the subsequent field study. The main goals is to deploy a systematic TQM framework for micro-businesses that will be help micro-businesses understand how the quality management culture has an impact on a company s success. Additionally, this thesis aims to develop a questionnaire that will examine the validity of the framework and serve as basis for the field study. The focus is on very small manufacturers. First breakthroughs in quality management have been taken place in this industry. Thus we can dispose of more than 100 years of research results in this field. Furthermore it is the manufacturer who is used to the first-movers role in new quality management models another good reason for choosing this industry. Layout of This Thesis: After an exposure of the problem in [...]

Total Quality Management can help set the owner free of tasks that accrue on a
daily base and keep him from more important duties. Prevention of problems
saves time and money resources that are always a scarce and precious in ...

Konsumräume und Kaufentscheidungen: Zur Bedeutung des Social Web

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Analyse der Wirkung des Social Web auf das Konsumenten- und Kaufverhalten sowie die Entwicklung der Konsumräume durch Web 2.0-Anwendungen zum Gegenstand. Hierbei wird einerseits auf die veränderten Konsumräume wie das Social Shopping und das Social Web als Kaufbegleiter im stationären Handel eingegangen. Andererseits wird der Wandel des Konsum- bzw. Kaufverhaltens anhand einer aktuellen Machtverschiebung der klassischen Medien, der Viralität und Interaktion, sowie der Individualisierungstendenzen im Social Web beschrieben. Abgerundet wird die Arbeit mit einem zusammenfassenden Fazit und einem Zukunftsausblick, den das Thema bietet.

Iska Mira Beißwenger. Iska Mira Beißwenger Konsumräume und
Kaufentscheidungen Zur Bedeutung des Social Web Bachelorarbeit BACHELOR
+ MASTER Publishing Beißwenger, Iska Mira: Konsumräume und
Kaufentscheidungen: Zur Bedeutung des Social. Front Cover.

Comparative Analysis of the English and the German Banking System with Special Regard to Bank-Industry Relations and their Implications on Companies Performance

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The essay is about the English and the German banking system, their characteristics and the implications of these. As the English banking system is defined as a specialised banking system and the German one is known as a universal banking system, these terms are explained in the first chapter. Furthermore, the chapter deals with the history of both systems to make clear why these two banking systems developed into two different directions. After having looked at the differences of the two alternative banking systems, their structure is analysed in more detail in the second chapter. All different kinds of banks existing in England and Germany are identified and their scope of functions and goals are described. In the following some important features of the banking systems, such as short-termism and corporate governance, are analysed in great detail. This means that these features are defined and their causes and consequences are identified and evaluated. After the different banking systems have been described with regard to their structure and features, the objective of the next chapter is, to point out the implications of these systems on companies performance. Therefore it is first of all necessary to define performance and the factors being responsible for a high or low economic performance. Afterwards, the influence of the banking systems on these factors are analysed. The last chapter of this essay shortly describes other existing opinions concerning the structure of the banking systems and their implications on companies performance. Furthermore, the chapter points out some tendencies for the future development of these banking systems. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSI LIST OF FIGURESII LIST OF TABLESII 1.INTRODUCTION1 2.PRESENTING THE TWO ALTERNATIVE FINANCIAL SYSTEMS2 2.1THE GERMAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND ITS HISTORY2 2.2THE BRITISH BANKING SYSTEM AND ITS HISTORY3 3.STRUCTURE OF THE BANKING SYSTEMS3 3.1GERMANY3 3.1.1General Information4 3.1.2Universal Banks5 3.1.2.1Private Commercial Banks5 3.1.2.2Savings Bank Sector6 3.1.2.3Cooperative Sector7 3.1.3Specialised Banks8 3.2UK9 3.21.1The Banking System in General10 3.2.2Authorised Banks11 3.2.2.1Retail Banking in the UK11 3.2.2.2Wholesale Banking12 3.2.3Listed Discount Market Institutions14 3.2.4Other Financial Institutions14 4.FEATURES OF THE BANKING SYSTEMS15 4.1PROVISION OF CAPITAL AND FUNDING FOR [...]

retail banking and wholesale banking in general. This is just a recent
development due to increasing competition since traditionally credit cooperatives
concentrated on supporting cooperatives. A very close partner of the credit
cooperatives are the central cooperative banks which are allowed to carry out all
kinds of banking actions, but they mainly concentrate on offering investment and
refinancing possibilities to the credit cooperatives as well as handling national
and international ...

Strategic Management

An analysis with regard to a game theoretic perspective

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The growing or at least steady stream of literature that has been published in recent years on the variety of issues known as strategic management , both in the form of books and journal articles, some of them more, some less scientific, is ample evidence of the interest the management community takes in the subject. Likewise, game theory has experienced a surge in popularity, not only because the1994 Nobel-price was awarded to JOHN HARSANYI, JOHN NASH and REINHARD SELTEN for their contribution to the refinement of game theory but also with regard to the influence it has had on the social sciences during the last two decades, primarily on economics but also on other fields such as psychology or political science. Surprisingly, however, there is little, if any, literature available on the combination of game theory and strategic management, even though game theory is concerned with finding solutions to strategic problems, its terminology (bargaining, power, cooperation etc.) also being very suggestive of applications to business strategy. The consequent question then has to be: is there a need to investigate the subject further and why might it be beneficial? Strategy is a wide field and so is game theory. Therefore the purpose of this essay cannot possibly be to explore the intricacies game theory has to offer nor can it be to investigate the depths of strategic management. Rather, it is to examine, whether game theory can be fruitfully applied to the problems faced within strategic management. In order to further narrow the topic down, there are various angles from which to approach strategic management and game theory . For instance, one way might be to assume that underlying strategic management as an academic discipline are various fundamental questions, which game theory is prepared to answer. One such question is How do firms behave? . Alternatively, one might view game theory as a set of tools assisting the strategist in finding practical solutions to specific problems within a strategic context. Here, one could think of Should we enter this particular market in order to challenge the incumbent firm? or How can we deter our competitors from starting a price war? , How should we organise the process of strategy formation? and the like. In this paper my emphasis will be on the latter approach, in the style of Can game theory assist the general manager in coping with strategic issues arising from his daily [...]

My intention in following this procedure is not so much to prove(claim) any
approach right or wrong, appropriate or inappropriate, nor is it to give a detailed
overview of the current trends or the historical development in the field of
strategic management. Rather, it is to demonstrate that strategy is highly eclectic
by nature and I think it has become clear, that this eclecticism is inevitably
mirrored in the tasks of the general manager. To sum up what we have so far:
strategic management is ...

Strategien zur Internationalisierung des Marketing im Mittelstand

Untersucht am Beispiel eines mittelständischen Maschinenbauunternehmens

Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Seit Jahrzehnten versucht der mittelständische Maschinenbau sich am internationalen Markt zu behaupten. Oftmals mit großem Erfolg! Jedoch ist derzeit mit einer Stagnation der Wirtschaft im Raum Europa zu rechnen, der den Investitionsgüterherstellern als Markt Nr. 1 dient. Um sich allerdings weiter zu entwickeln, um steigende Kosten zu decken und den Absatz zu erhöhen, sollten sich Unternehmen auf außereuropäische Regionen, wie zum Beispiel den südostasiatische Raum, konzentrieren, der in den folgenden Jahren von Experten, als der zukünftige Wirtschaftsballungsraum gehandelt wird und durch hohes Wirtschaftswachstum gekennzeichnet ist. Aufgrund dieser Problematik sollte für ein mittelständisches Maschinenbauunternehmen, dessen Schwerpunkt in der Herstellung von Kränen und Materialumschlaggeräte liegt, eine Diplomarbeit erstellt werden, die als Richtlinie für die nächsten Jahre dient. Ziel dieser Arbeit sollte sein, die für sich optimalen Strategien rausfiltern zu können, um diese schließlich möglichst gewinnbringend zu nutzen. Aufgrund der Komplexität dieses Themas und der Fülle an verschiedenen Perspektiven ist es kaum möglich in diesem Rahmen alle Strategien und alle Details zu erörtern. Allerdings gelang es die wichtigsten Strategien in ein Werk zu fassen, das für viele Firmen des Mittelstands eine hilfreiche Ausgangssituation bieten wird. Auffallend in der Bearbeitung war jedoch, dass nahezu keine einschlägige Literatur zum Thema internationales Marketing für den Maschinenbau zu besorgen war, obwohl dieser einen der größten Wirtschaftsbereiche in Deutschland darstellt. In dieser Arbeit wird darum in 4.5. auch auf Marketingstrategien eines mittelständischen Maschinenbauunternehmens, Hersteller von Bau- und Sondermaschinen, speziell Kräne und Materialumschlaggeräte, eingegangen. Allerdings möchte dieses Unternehmen unerkannt bleiben, so dass diese im Verlauf dieser Arbeit allgemein gültig als die XY-GmbH bezeichnet wird. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Inhaltsverzeichnis: VorwortI InhaltsverzeichnisIII AbbildungsverzeichnisVII TabellenverzeichnisXI AbkürzungsverzeichnisXII 1.Einführung in die Thematik1 1.1Eingrenzung der Themenstellung1 1.2Bedeutung des deutschen Außenhandels3 1.3Notwendigkeit internationaler Marketingstrategien zur Erhöhung weltweiter Absatzchancen9 2.Marketingstrategien zur internationalen Marktbearbeitung11 2.1Markterfassung11 2.1.1Intranationale Marktsegmentierung11 2.1.2Internationale [...]

Wege/ Stra- tegien zur Marktführer- schaft = Werte- disziplinen) Abb.8: Wege zur
Marktführerschaft Quelle: Darazs, G., Proaktives Marketing, 1994, S.142 • Mit
dem Ausdruck „Betrieblicher Spitzenleistung“ ist die Tatsache gemeint, dass dem
Käufer, solide Produkte oder Serviceleistungen zu wettbewerbsfähigen und
gerechtfertigten Preisen, pünktlich geliefert werden können. • Kundennähe. 68
vgl. Darazs, G., Proaktives Marketing, 1994, S.143 69 Darazs, G., Proaktives
Marketing, ...

Entwicklung einer Balanced Scorecard als Performance Measurement-Konzept zur Steuerung und Erfolgsmessung von Social Media-Marketing-Aktivitäten

Social Media (SM) sind in aller Munde. Jeder kennt sie, Millionen von Menschen weltweit nutzen sie. Plattformen, wie Twitter oder Facebook, gehören zum Alltag. Der zuvor passive Internetnutzer beeinflusst nun die Unternehmensmarke in einem erheblichen Maße mit. Viele Unternehmen haben das Potenzial von SM erkannt und sie als neuen Marketing- und Vertriebskanal eingeführt. Jedoch findet zu oft ein unstrukturierter Einsatz ohne eine durchdachte Strategie in SM statt. Dadurch entsteht ein erhebliches Risiko für die Unternehmensreputation. Die Unternehmen Amazon, Nestlé und Ford haben trotz unterschiedlichster Geschäftsmodelle eine Gemeinsamkeit. Allesamt haben sie die Wirkung von SM unterschätzt. Die gegen sie gerichteten Kommentare und Aktionen im Social Web haben sie nicht ernst genommen. Dafür mussten sie viel negative PR und Reputationsverluste hinnehmen. Die Quintessenz aus den Praxiserfahrungen ist die Notwendigkeit der Steuerung von SM, um Risiken zu minimieren und Erfolge messbar zu machen. Ohne eine systematische Erfolgssteuerung und -kontrolle bleiben Optimierungspotenziale und Fehlentwicklungen unerkannt. Budgets dafür können nur gerechtfertigt werden, wenn sie einen Wertbeitrag für das Unternehmen leisten. Dafür muss ein Steuerungsinstrument aufgesetzt werden, das es ermöglicht, die Wirkung und den Erfolg des Einsatzes von SM zu erfassen sowie zu messen. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz für die zuvor beschriebene Problemstellung soll im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt werden und damit die aufgezeigte Lücke schließen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu untersuchen, ob die Balanced Scorecard (BSC) als Instrument zur Steuerung und Erfolgsmessung von SMM geeignet ist. Dabei wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, wie die BSC angewendet werden könnte, um Zielsetzungen für den Bereich SMM steuerbar zu machen. Weiterhin sollen geeignete Kennzahlen für die Messung von SMM-Aktivitäten in die SMBSC (Social Media Scorecard) implementiert und ihre Anwendbarkeit untersucht werden. Erst die Messung der SMM-Maßnahmen ermöglicht es, eine Aussage über Erfolg oder Misserfolg zu treffen. Zusammenfassend steht die Entwicklung eines geeigneten Kennzahlensystems mittels der BSC für das SMM im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur praktischen Umsetzung des SM-Controllings und zur Integration von SMM in Unternehmen geleistet werden.

Abbildung g 7: Auszug a aus einer Stra ategy Map für r Social Media a-Marketing
In der zu Kapitel 2 denheit, S Bottom-up tion für de zung der führen zu der Auße
Dies führt vor gezeig .1.2.2 darg Steigerung p-Ansatz kö en Bereich r Kommun u
einer effiz enkommun t zu einer s gten Strate gestellt, wie der Beka önnen die Z h
SM, die M ikationsinst zienteren u ikation sin starken Ma gy Map si e Kundeng
anntheit un Ziele wie fo Mitarbeiterz trumente, und effektiv d verschie arkenpräse
 ...

Die Regeln des islamischen Bankenwesens: Banking nach der Sharia

Der weltweite Prozess der Globalisierung hält, wie in allen Branchen, auch im Finanzbereich Einzug. Ausländisches Kapital, ausländische Kunden und damit auch andere Kulturen werden für deutsche Banken immer wichtiger. Durch die Einwanderung von ausländischen Arbeitskräften nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg sind zudem ganz neue Kundensegmente entstanden. Die Kunden haben zum Teil andere Werte und Normen und bedürfen daher anderer Finanzprodukte. Die deutschen Banken haben lange Zeit nicht darauf reagiert und weiterhin kulturell undifferenzierte Produkte angeboten. Ähnlich wurde anfangs in allen Einwanderungsstaaten gehandelt. Doch während manche Banken im Ausland relativ schnell auf diese Möglichkeiten reagierten und teilweise große Erfolge damit erzielten, haben die meisten deutschen Banken diesen Trend zu spät erkannt. Aufgrund ihrer Größe besonders interessant ist in dem Zusammenhang die Kundengruppe der Muslime. Und somit das Islamic Banking. Doch was genau ist Islamic Banking? Diese Frage lässt sich auf zwei Wegen beantworten. Zum einen kann man es definieren als: Islamisches Bankenwesen, dass jede Form von Finanzdienstleistungen, die nach den Regeln des Islam aufgebaut sind, umfasst. Dazu bedarf es der Einhaltung der Verbote des Riba (Zins) der Gharar (Spekulationen) sowie von Maysir und Qimar (Glücksspiel). Außerdem müssen grundsätzliche Regeln eingehalten werden; so dürfen ethisch moralische Grundsätze nie verletzt werden und es muss stets eine Risiko-, Gewinn- und Verlustteilung vorliegen. Besonderes Interesse hat das Islamic Banking während des Beginns der Finanzkrise geweckt. Während konventionelle Banken Milliarden abschreiben mussten, waren islamische Banken zunächst nicht betroffen. Plötzlich erschienen in vielen namenhaften Zeitschriften Artikel über den Erfolg dieser Banken. Doch warum haben islamische Banken der Krise scheinbar getrotzt und wenn sie der Krise trotzen konnten, ist das Islamic Banking dann unanfällig für Krisen oder liegt das Risiko nur an einer anderen Stelle? Vielen Menschen ist inzwischen bekannt, dass islamische Banken keine Zinsen nehmen dürfen. Zinsen sind es aber eben, die die Säule des konventionellen Bankensystems darstellen. Wie also finanzieren sich islamische Banken? Welche Instrumente und Produkte stehen diesen Banken dazu zur Verfügung und gibt es vielleicht weitere wichtige Regeln, die islamischen Banken beachten müssen? Inzwischen sind auch deutsche Banken auf das Islamic Banking aufmerksam geworden und [...]

Dabei beschränken sie sich nicht nur auf die reine Schaffung theoretischer
Konstrukte, sondern kümmern sich auch um das Marketing für diese Produkte.62
Ein Scharia-Board besteht i.d.R. aus 3 bis 5 Gelehrten, die man als Scharia-
Scholars ...

The Influence of Business Associations in the European Decision Making Process

A Case Study of the European Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Eurochambres)

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Since the adoption of the Single European Act (SEA) in 1986 more and more competencies have been transferred by EU Member States to decision makers in Brussels. Beside the objective of the completion of the Single Market the scope of Community policies has widened to political co-operation, technological development, and social policy. In addition, the powers of the European Parliament were strengthened and qualified majority voting was introduced for decisions related to the completion of the internal market. Since the summits of Maastricht and Amsterdam European integration has further gained in momentum. National governments again handed over sovereignty to the European level. Jacques Delors famous quote that 80% of regulations impacting on the economic sphere were decided in Brussels today demonstrates the shift of competency. Within the last 15 years Brussels has become an important centre of power. This transference of power to the European level also has affected the behaviour of interest groups. Before 1986 it usually was sufficient to lobby the own national administration in order to influence regulations. The main function of European peak organisations at the time was on the one hand to monitor events in Brussels and report them back to their member federations on the other hand they formed a transnational network for the exchange of information. The growing power of European institutions and the strengthening of the supranational element within the European Union required interest groups to broaden their participation in the European decision making process. In addition, the technical problems regarding the realisation of the internal market, e.g. harmonisation of services, standardisation of products etc. has triggered off an enormous demand for technical input on the side of the European institutions. Since the adoption of the SEA, thus, interest groups have proliferated. New groups with new interests have emerged. Long established organisations have increased their financial and personnel resources. After Washington D.C., Brussels has become the second biggest boomtown for lobbying activities. In 1992 the Commission has estimated that approximately 3000 special interest groups with a total of 10,000 lobbyists try to influence the institutions of the European Union. The directory of interest groups lists 891 European peak organisations. Beside these Eurogroups a myriad form of actors all trying to get [...]

What the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages suggests is that
generalisations can be made regarding the distribution of the frequency of
influence: unsuccessful interest mediation of EUROCHAMBRES is more likely to
occur than a ...

Investment Performance Measurement & Performance Measurement Standards

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: In the world of investment today, countless decisions are being taken in order to meet financial aims and fulfill expectations people have for the future. Day by day, tremendous amounts of information zigzag across the entire planet, from continent to continent, between people and places, rushing through all time zones at the speed of light. Managers, investors as well as private households, employees, foundations and many more seek to acquire essential data concerning their financial positions. Since investing has gained significantly in importance over time, the quality of this data has increasingly received a substantial role. Many crucial subjects depend on the reliability and the trustworthiness of information about investments. Subjects which sooner or later concern everybody s lives in the developed societies such as pensions funding, future education financing or start-up business, plans just to name a few. Therefore, in the new environment known as the Information Society , people have to be able to recognize the information that is relevant to them. They have to be able to distinguish it from misleading, sometimes even fraudulent data, which unfortunately continues circulating and incessantly creates considerable economical damage. The qualitative requirements to be met by the provided data are quite straightforward and obvious, yet in nature difficult to reach. However, the success and the attractiveness of any kind of investment opportunity increasingly depends on the quality grade of the information exchange. The urgent demand for fulfilling the requirements for investments led to the creation of a completely new standard: the Global Investment Performance Standard (GIPS). These standards, and their theoretical basis as well as their surroundings will form the core of this thesis. In order not to be pushed immediately into a complete unknown environment, the structure of this thesis is organized in layers, starting from more general topics and developing into more detail thereafter. Part I covers the basic part about performance. It will then guide to the thematical location of the subject Performance Presentation , and will briefly present a few major items, which shall help to quickly access more detailed chapters. Part II will cover the technical clockwork of performance measurement. In a step-by-step process, the different components, their meaning and their calculation will be introduced. They [...]

After having seen the contents of Performance measurement, the very core topic
shall be highlighted: its functioning. In the contexts to come, the term
Performance Measurement will sometimes be replaced by the equivalent of Risk
Adjusted ...