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Misunderstandings in English As a Lingua Franca

An Analysis of ELF Interactions in South-East Asia

This book explores the nature and causes of misunderstandings in ELF interactions. It is based on a corpus of conversations between English speakers from south and east Asia that helps us investigate what causes misunderstandings, particularly the pronunciation, grammar, word choice, and discourse. The book also considers how such misunderstandings may be signalled and repaired. Finally, it discusses the implications for teaching English around the world and offers guidance to teachers in enabling their students to become highly intelligible.

This book explores the nature and causes of misunderstandings in ELF interactions.

Islamic History through Coins

An Analysis and Catalogue of Tenth-Century Ikhshidid Coinage (Revised Edition)

Islamic History through Coins has become the standard reference for Islamic coinage struck by the Ikhshidid rulers of Egypt and Palestine (935–69). The second edition not only corrects minor errors in the first edition but adds data on more than three hundred new specimens, including a half-dozen coin types not identified in the first edition. The new specimens include two examples struck with the mint name Mecca and a gold issue associated with the famous eunuch Kafur, two years before he became sole ruler of Egypt. As noted in a number of very positive reviews, the value of this book is that it serves two distinct audiences successfully. While the first part of the book is considered the best introduction to the study of Islamic coinage available in English and serves the needs of students, faculty, collectors and dealers who are seeking a place to start their possible study of Islamic numismatics, the second half is a catalogue of more than 1,500 specimens, enabling curators, collectors, and dealers to identify coins and their relative rarity. The early chapters, which are heavily illustrated, demonstrate how numismatic evidence can be used to enhance our understanding of this period of Islamic rule. For example, the coinage reveals the hierarchy of parts of the names used by the Ikhshidid rulers, which cannot be found in narrative texts, and the retention of a pre-Islamic artistic memory of their Central Asian origins unknown until this study of their coinage.

Part of the 'reputation' of this second epoch Muslim coinage was its association
with Sunni Islam and the Abbasid caliphate. Monetary History and the Second
Abbasid Monetary Epoch A revolution in the history of the Islamic monetary
system ...

Ijtihad and Renewal in Qurʼanic Hermeneutics

An Analysis of Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʼ Ī ʼs Al-Mīzān Fĭ Tafsīr Al-Qurʼān

The Application of Al-Rahn in Bank Islam Brunei Darussalam (BIBD)

An Analysis from Fiqh Perspective

The main focus of this study is to analyze the operation of the pledged property in al-rahn products of Bank Islam Brunei Darussalam (BIBD) so as to verify its operation whether it is in accordance with the principle of Shari@Ñah. The study used qualitative method which consists of library based and field work research. This research dealt with the analysis from fiqh perspective on the operation of safekeeping fee, change of the value of the pledged property, restructuring of facility, redemption and auction of the pledged property that are practiced in BIBD. The study discovered that most of the applications in the operation of the pledged property in al-rahn products are permissible and lawful in Islamic law except on a few matters that needs to be reviewed and amended for improvement and rectification. The study has found that the concept of wadi@Ñah yad d}amanah applied in al-rahn product need to be reviewed as it overtook the principle of al-rahn itself. Besides that, the safekeeping fee which is for the services rendered in keeping and maintaining the pledged property in good condition must be based on the concept of ujrah. The documentation of al-rahn must also include a clause on the liability of the parties in case of loss or damage of the pledged property. Furthermore, the 'aqd for the pledged property in al-rahn products which act as a security for the financing must insure the principal financing and any amount of safekeeping fee, not just insure the principal financing as stated in the current certificate of al-rahn. A few best practices are recommended so as to maximize the operation of al-rahn products to be more considerate, efficient and marketable so that not only Muslims will benefit from the products but also non-Muslims.

The main focus of this study is to analyze the operation of the pledged property in al-rahn products of Bank Islam Brunei Darussalam (BIBD) so as to verify its operation whether it is in accordance with the principle of Shari@Ñah.

What is the Matter with Communicative Competence?

An Analysis to Encourage Teachers of English to Assess the Very Basis of Their Teaching

This book integrates recent findings of linguistic research into ELT. Its aim is - to introduce (future) teachers to the complex concept of communicative competence - to critically analyse learners' teaching/learning deficiencies in the light of the requirements they are expected to meet at the school-leaving exams or at university-entry - to offer suggestions about how to remedy these shortcomings and also to provide teaching and testing materials.

An Analysis to Encourage Teachers of English to Assess the Very Basis of Their
Teaching Reinhold Peterwagner ... learner it mainly rested with the teachers
themselves to relate the texts of the textbooks to everyday life situations and
activities ...

Brand Extension. How Sub-Branding can be used to stretch a Brand effectively

An analysis of the German Sportswear Retailer Adidas

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Marketing, Corporate Communication, CRM, Market Research, Social Media, grade: 2,0, University of Applied Sciences Hannover, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this academic paper is to identify how Sub-Branding can be used to stretch a brand effectively. Thereby, the essence of the Brand Extension should be clarified and especially Sub-Branding should be classified and represented. In addition, an overview of the Adidas Group is given. Furthermore, it is closely examined, how Sub-Branding works in practice on the basis of the brand Adidas. First of all the focus of this academic paper lies on the conceptual fundamentals. This chapter will define and discuss the terms Brand, Brand Management and Brand Policy. Secondly, Brand Extension will be analysed in detail. Here, the types of Brand Extension – which are Category Extension and Line Extension – and its opportunities and risks will be displayed. Then the Brand Extension strategy Sub-Branding – and in particular, its objectives, requirements, as well as opportunities and risks – will be explained in detail. Following this, a case study of the German sportswear retailer Adidas is presented to illustrate how Brand Extension and especially Sub-Branding work in practice. Thereby, this chapter is aimed at recognizing how Sub-Branding can be used to extend a brand effectively. At the beginning, the company Adidas and its Brand Portfolio will be intro-duced. Afterwards, a closer look is taken at how Sub-Branding works in practice based on the example of Adidas using several sub-brands. Following that, a critical evaluation of the company’s brand extension strategy finalizes the chapter. Finally, the knowledge gained from this academic paper will be summarized in a con-clusion.

... many companies pursue the concept of Brand Extension for expanding their
product range in the course of realization ... successful brand.3 With the help of
such widely used Brand Extensions it is possible to supplement the product
range ...

Estimating Portfolio Models from Financial Flow Data

An Analysis of the Demand for Liabilities, Real Assets and Financial Assests by the Household Sector

The Old Greek of Isaiah

An Analysis of Its Pluses and Minuses

A concise study of a large number of examples of pluses and minus providing insight into translation from Hebrew to Greek Van der Vorm-Croughs focuses this translation study on the processes leading to pluses and minuses including linguistic and stylistic aspects (i.e., cases in which elements have been added or omitted for the sake of a proper use of the Greek language), literary aspects (additions and omissions meant to embellish the Greek text), translation technical aspects (e.g., the avoidance of redundancy), and contextual and intertextual exegesis and harmonization. This work also covers the relation between the Greek Isaiah and its possible Hebrew Vorlage to try to determine which pluses and minuses may have been the result of the translator’s use of a different Hebrew text. Features: Eleven categories for the pluses and minuses of the Greek Isaiah Examination of translation techniques and translator errors Use of Joseph Ziegler’s critical edition

2 See van Peursen, Language and Interpretation, 393–95. An example can be
found in Isa 63:6 2# # -'/3 '6 / Á ̧ Á ̧Ì1⁄4ÈÌ3⁄4Ê ̧ ̧ÌÇË Ì Éo ÄÇÍ; while in the MT
verse 6 repeats “the people” mentioned in verse 3, in LXX Isaiah a pronoun ...