Islam and the State in Indonesia

This book explains the relationship between Islam and the state and politics in contemporary Indonesia. President Soeharto's departure from office in May 1998 brought tremendous and far-reaching impacts to Indonesia's political landscape. At least 181 new political parties came into being, a sizeable portion of which use Islam as their symbol and ideological basis.

Syadzali, Islam dan Tata Negara, p. 16. According to Munawir Syadzali, other
parameters of a theocratic state include (1) the making of the Holy Scriptures as
the source of the law of the land; and (2) the state leadership being in the hands
of religious leaders. These parameters must converge all together in a state for it
to be called a theocratic state. For details on this account, see his “Negara
Pancasila Bukan Negara Agama dan Bukan Negara Sekuler” (Unpublished
paper, n.d).