Motivation to Speak: Perception and Attitude of Non-English Major Students in Taiwan

"I live in Taiwan where everyone speaks Chinese, why do I need to learn to speak English?" This statement ignited my interest in the topic of motivation to speak. How to generate students' willingness to communicate (WTC) to improve oral proficiency has been a key issue for English language teaching in China (Wen and Clement, 2003). Chinese students have been found to be good at grammar-based written examinations but wanting in oral communication skills. The same situation applied to students in Taiwan.

In contrast to intrinsically motivated behavior, extrinsic motivation is defined as
actions carried out to achieve some instrumental end, such as earning a reward
or avoiding a punishment. Extrinsic motivation can be divided into three levels: ...