Linguists usually discuss language or dialects in terms of groups of speakers. Believing that patterns can be seen more clearly in the group than the individual, researchers often present group scores with no indication of the variation within the group. Even though linguists acknowledge that no two individuals speak alike, few study individual variation and voice. Barbara Johnstone makes a case for the individual's importance and idiosyncrasies in language and linguistics. Using theoretical arguments and discourse analysis, along with linguistic examples from a variety of speakers and settings, Johnstone illustrates how speakers draw on linguistic models associated with class, ethnicity, gender, and region, among others, to construct an individual voice. In doing so Johnstone shows that certain important questions in sociolinguistics and pragmatics can only be answered with reference to individual speakers. Johnstone's study is important both for the understanding of speech as expressive of self, and for the study of variation and mechanisms of linguistic choice and change.
Even though linguists acknowledge that no two individuals speak alike, few study individual variation and voice. Barbara Johnstone makes a case for the individual's importance and idiosyncrasies in language and linguistics.
Qualitative Reseach Methods in Sociolinguistics provides a brief, accessible introduction to general theoretical and practical questions about research and to the main ways data for interpretive sociolinguistic work can be selected, collected, and analyzed. Topics discussed include standards of evidence, research ethics, ethnography, discourse analysis, and strategies for writing articles and essays. The book, the first on this topic, is intended as a supplementary text for courses in sociolinguistics, language and culture, or field methods. Questions for discussion and suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter provide a starting point for student research projects. The book will be useful to anyone contemplating sociolingustic research on any level.
Questions for discussion and suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter provide a starting point for student research projects. The book will be useful to anyone contemplating sociolingustic research on any level.
International Media Research offers a rigorous and critical review of key approaches and concerns that have recently defined the field of media research. In this clearly argued collection of essays, the contributors analyze and reflect upon dominant themes and debates that have made media research an increasingly important element of cultural theory. The volume begins with a critical evaluation of the work of the leading media scholar, Elihu Katz, and continues with an exploration of the relationship between media studies and adjacent disciplines: cultural studies and gender and sexuality. Contributors drawn from Britain, America, Canada and Belgium consider the relationships between media research and media policy in different national and international contexts. Focusing on the European Union, East-Central Europe, North America and Latin America, chapters assess the impact of social, economic and political circumstances on policy debates and the shaping of the research agenda. The final chapter adopts a transatlantic perspective in tracing and analysing the history of the media's role in reporting war.
INTRODUCTION Due partly to the growing significance of the mass media in
social life, media policy research has grown substantially over the past two
decades. This chapter provides a map of the research on media policy in North
America. However, no single review can do justice to the enormous body of research on policy issues dealing with the US and Canadian media industries.
Acknowledging this limitation, the chapter focuses on the perspectives that guide
and organize ...
Report of Cases Argued and Determined in the Courts of Exchequer & Exchequer Chamber...Trinity Term. 10 Vict.. to [Hilary Vacation, 19 Vict.] Both Inclusive. [1847-1856]
Dunn, 1 Dowl. &. L. 141, and contended upon this point that the award did not
give rise to any inevitable uncertainty; and that the defendant, to avail himself of
such objection, ought to have shown by his plea that such uncertainty had arisen.
Cur. adv. vult. The judgment of the Court was now delivered by PARKE, B. (After
stating the pleadings and the facts, his Lordship proccededz)--This case was
argued before us in Easter Term last, but stood over in consequence of a doubt
whether ...
Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism is the must-have text for students studying travel and tourism. It brings theory to life by using industry-based case studies, and in doing so, 'speaks the language' of the Travel and Tourism student. Among the new features and topics included in this edition are: * international case studies from large-scale businesses such as Airtours, MyTravel and South West Airlines * user-friendly applications of strategic management theory, such as objectives, products and markets and strategic implementation, together with illustrative case studies, and longer case studies for seminar work and summaries * contemporary strategic issues affecting travel and tourism organizations, such as vertical integration and strategic alliances Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism is a well-rounded book, ideal for all undergraduate and postgraduate students focusing on strategy in travel and tourism. * Specifically written for the travel and tourism industry with strategic management applications and theory * Brings theory to life with industry-based case studies from Airtours, Marriott and Thomas Cook to enhance learning and understanding * Well rounded book which covers the contemporary strategic issues affecting travel and tourism organizations, such as cruising and 'all-inclusive' holidays
