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Strategi dan Rencana Pengembangan Infrastruktur Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) di Pulau Jawa-Bali Tahun 2015-2025

Gambar 2.1 Distribusi Penduduk dan Ketersediaan Air Per Pulau Tahun 2014 11
Strategi dan Rencana Pengembangan Infrastruktur PUPR di Pulau Jawa-Bali
Tahun 2015-2025 12 Strategi dan Rencana Pengembangan Infrastruktur PUPR
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Fresh Update Buku Pintar Kimia SMA/MA IPA Kelas 1, 2, & 3

Sukses Belajar Kimia Tanpa Guru

1. Materi disajikan dengan mendetail. Jadi, untuk kalian yang belum paham sama sekali tidak perlu khawatir, karena semua disajikan dengan jelas dan ringkas. Asalkan ada niat, pasti bisa.... 2. Pembahasan soal dibuat runut disertai penjelasan yang mendetail, jadi mudah dipahami. 3. Terdapat "Rumus Praktis", yaitu rumus cepat yang jika dikerjakan dengan cara biasa memerlukan 4 sampai 5 langkah, tapi dengan rumus praktis cukup 2 atau 3 langkah saja. 4. Terdapat "Trik Menghafal" untuk beberapa materi yang harus dihafal. 5. Bank soal lengkap, mulai dari Ulangan Harian, Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS), Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS), Ujian Nasional (UN), SBMPTN, SIMAK UI, UM-UGM, dan lain-lain. 6. Terdapat "Trik Pintar", yaitu penyelesaian soal dengan cara cepat, tetapi tidak keluar dari konsep dasar. 7. Buku terbitan dari Bintang Wahyu ini didesain gaul, enak dibaca, dan simpel. Jadi, pastinya gak akan ngebosenin deh.... 8. Terdapat "Kumpulan Rumus Pintar Fisika". Jadi, jika dalam mengerjakan soal kemudian lupa rumusnya, buka aja kumpulan-kumpulan rumus pintar,tanpa perlu mencarinya di dalam buku....easy bukan.... 9. Plusss, komik lucu yang membuat otak kamu kembali freshhh..... -Bintang Wahyu-

1. Materi disajikan dengan mendetail.

Anti-cancer Activity of Triterpenoids Isolated from Luvunga Scandens Against MCF-7 Cells

Luvunga scandens belong to the family of Rutaceae which usually inhabits tropical and moist environment. This plant is known as 'Mengkurat Jakun' among locals and used traditionally to treat fever and fatigue via decoction. The study aimed to elucidate the compounds from L. scandens stem, which were isolated using bioactivity guided isolation together with their mechanism of action on human breast cancer cell (MCF-7). The bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic agent of the stem of L. scandens resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new triterpenoid from this species, 3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic-acid (2), along with a known triterpenoid, flindissol (1). The isolation was conducted using chromatographic techniques on silica gel and sephadex LH-20. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, NMR, MS and 2D NMR. The cytotoxic activity of the plant on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell line was evaluated by MTT, WST-1 assay, scanning electron microscope (SEM), flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. The cytotoxic evaluation of the extracts showed that IC50 value of the dichloromethane (LSC-SD) and methanol (LSC-SM) extracts from the stem were 75.0 and 77.0 μg/mL respectively. Whereas IC50 value of n-hexane (LSF-H), n-hexane:DCM (LSF-HD), DCM (LSF-D) and DCM:MeOH (LSF-DM) fraction extracts were 97.5, 35, 98.9 and 94 μg/mL respectively. The IC50 value of MeOH (LSF-M) fraction could not be extrapolated since none of the concentration of this extract was able to reduce the proliferation activity to 50 %. Compound 1 and 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values of 13.8 μM and 27.5 respectively after 24 h of treatment. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control drug with IC50 values of 6.21 μM. Morphological analysis of the cells surface exhibit the apoptosis results after 24 h treated with LSC-SD extract, 1 and 2, where the cells were rounded up, shrank and lost contact with neighboring cells. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells treated with both compounds were confirmed by flow cytometry. The results show that compound 1 and 2 exert their anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells through inhibiting cell cycle where the distribution of cells at Sub G1 phase was 7.7 and 9.3 % respectively. Further evident of apoptosis induction by compound 1 and 2 towards MCF-7 cell lines were assayed by RT-qPCR on the expression of PUMA, caspase-8 and caspase-9. In this assay, both compounds showed the increased of the expression of PUMA, caspase-8 and caspase-9 gene. In conclusion, both triterpenoids, 3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic-acid (2) and flindissol (1) have a potential to be developed as anticancer agents against breast cancer.

Luvunga scandens belong to the family of Rutaceae which usually inhabits tropical and moist environment.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Margin KUR Terhadap Pendapatan Pembiayaan Dari Peberhentian Program KUR Oleh Pemerintah Pada Bank Nagari Cabang Pembantu Syariah Padang Panjang”