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Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kerajaan-kerajaan Islam di Indonesia

Kota, dilihat dari pengertian ekonomi adalah suatu tempat menetap (settlement)
di mana penduduknya terutama hidup dari perdagangan daripada pertanian. *
Hal itu sesuai pula dengan kehidupan kota-kota pusat kerajaan dan kota-kota
pelabuhan dari zaman pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kerajaan-kerajaan
maritim bercorak Islam di Indonesia. Kota-kota pusat kerajaan dan kota-kota
pelabuhan seperti Samudra-Pasai, Aceh, Malaka, Demak, Banten, Gresik,
Jaratan, Jepara, ...

Religious and quasi-religious departments of the Mughal period, 1556-1707

The chief mufti was also called the mufti-i 'askar or mufti-i urdu. Mr. M.B. Ahmad's
assumption that the mufti attached to the chief justice's court was known as mufti-i
a'zam or sadr-i Jahari* finds no confirmation in the contemporary chronicles.
Mulla 'Abdu-s Salam5 and Saiyid Ahmad Sa'id6 served as mufti-i 'askar under
Shah Jahan. Mulla Muhammad Murad held the post of chief mufti upto 1656.7
Mulla 'Iwaz Wajih was mufti of the camp before his appointment as muhtasib
under ...