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Tersedia di Perpustakaan Utama UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar
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A method used for siting a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system using geotechnical and environmental criteria is explained using the siting of a proposed 220 MW water-compensated CAES plant in Illinois as an example. Information is included on the identification and comparative ranking of 28 geotechnically and environmental sites in Illinois, the examination of fatal flaws, e.g., mitigation, intensive studies, costly studies, permit denials, at 7 sites; and the selection of 3 sites for further geological surveying. (LCL).
A method used for siting a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system using geotechnical and environmental criteria is explained using the siting of a proposed 220 MW water-compensated CAES plant in Illinois as an example.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the improvement on flowability of a model cohesive powder using two different types of fumed silica mixed by the dry coating method "mechanofusion" and to explore the relationship between flowability and surface free energy and/or wettability. The first aim was to find the optimum conditions for improving the flowability of a model cohesive powder, glass microspheres (DMV ~ 3.5 μm), by mechanofusion with fumed silica. Conventional blending using tumbling was done as a comparison. Mechanofusion was conducted at three different speeds 1500, 3000 and 4500 rpm and at three concentrations of hydrophobic Aerosil®R972 (1%, 3% and 5% w/w) for 10 minutes, while conventional blending was performed at 72 rpm for 30 minutes. It was revealed that the optimum concentration to improve flowability was 1% w/w Aerosil®R972 for all processes utilized. Increasing the concentration of the fumed silica decreased the flowability at all speeds. This indicates the enhancement of flowability of this model cohesive powder depends on the concentration of guest particles. The influence of different speeds to the flowability was observed upon the increasing concentration of Aerosil®R972 at 3% and 5% w/w. Mechanofusion was found to be a more effective mixing method compared to tumbling mixing presumably due to the higher energy applied that can de-agglomerate the cohesive microspheres. The second aim of this thesis was to determine the mechanism of action of the fumed silica in improving cohesive powder flow and to investigate the relationship between flowability and surface free energy and/or wettability. Hydrophilic fumed silica Cab-o-sil®M-5, which has the same particles size as Aerosil®R972, was used as a comparison. 1% w/w Cab-o-sil®M-5 failed to improve the flow of particles, whereas the same concentration of Aerosil®R972 did. Powder wettability and surface free energy were derived from contact angle measurements of uncoated and coated particles. The capillary rise technique was used to measure powder contact angles. The water contact angle increased when the glass microspheres were coated with hydrophobic Aerosil®R972, whereas it decreased when coated with hydrophilic Cab-o-sil®M-5. However, the 1-bromonaphthalene contact angle increased after coating with both types of fumed silica. The contact angle data was used to calculate the surface free energy of uncoated and coated particles. A decrease in dispersive and polar components of surface free energy was found in particles coated with hydrophobic fumed silica, while the surface free energy of particles coated with hydrophilic fumed silica reached the highest value. Particles with higher surface free energies had poorer flow than particles with lower surface free energies. Similarly, particles with a water contact angle less than 90° had lower flowability than particles with a water contact angle higher than 90°. Therefore, this study found that the improvement of flowability of micronized cohesive particles can be achieved by mechanofusion provided the chosen guest particle has relatively low surface free energy and/or is hydrophobic. The outcomes of this thesis present an enhanced better understanding of improving the flowability of a cohesive powder using fumed silica. These findings may have future value for the development of improved solid formulation of pharmaceutical preparations with the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in micron size.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the improvement on flowability of a model cohesive powder using two different types of fumed silica mixed by the dry coating method "mechanofusion" and to explore the relationship between ...
The ocean wave is a type of renewable energy with abundant resources and can contain considerable amount of power which can be convert into useful electrical energy. This thesis aims to propose and develop a concept of ocean wave energy harvesting system and to investigate the characteristic of the system. An ocean wave energy harvesting system was developed based on a linear magnet generator. A test rig with a wave generator was built to simulate the wave and the influences of the wave height on the system power output were identified. Experimental test on the system have shown that with increase of wave height the power output also increase with the highest power output at 0.74655 mW at 4.5 cm. The important characteristic of an ocean wave energy generator is the storage capacity, number of wire turns in coil and the strength of the magnet. It can be comprehend that the developed model is capable of converting the kinetic energy of the wave into electrical energy. A more improved ocean wave energy harvesting system is highly recommended for small scale electrical applications.
The ocean wave is a type of renewable energy with abundant resources and can contain considerable amount of power which can be convert into useful electrical energy.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) are the first major multilateral treaties to impose obligations on governments concerning the protection and treatment of foreign investments. These obligations are enforceable by private companies. NAFTA and the ECT examines the effectiveness of the investment rules of these treaties and analyses the mechanisms adopted to enhance compliance, and to facilitate the implementation and enforcement of the relevant rules and regulations. Coverage of this work includes: a conceptual analysis of the precise meaning and theoretical foundation of compliance, implementation, and effectiveness; an examination of issues of direct effect and direct international responsibility in terms of the practical question of the treaties' impact on the domestic regimes of states; an exploration of the issues of transparency and monitoring to achieve enhanced compliance; and a close look at a number of key links in the field andndash; between the investment rules and the workings of national legal and governmental systems, between national and international law, between different disciplines involved (international law, international relations, international politics, and economics), and between transparency and compliance monitoring. NAFTA and the ECT also offers several helpful features, including results from a questionnaire-based survey circulated to the main players in the realm of foreign investment which offer unique insights on the prevalent perception of the industry towards NAFTA and the ECT; and original suggested provisions and frameworks which would enhance the effectiveness of the investment rules. The thought-provoking issues probed and conclusions reached and the interdisciplinary and comparative approach taken make NAFTA and the ECT a compelling new resource for academics, policymakers, and others interested in the effectiveness of international investment agreements and the tools employed in their implementation and enforcement.
Chapter Six IMPACT OF NAFTA AND THE ECT 6.1 INTRODUCTION The ECT
and the NAFTA are the most ambitious attempts, to date, to set up an
international regime for investment. This chapter focuses on the real effect of their
investment rules. It deals with the issue of whether these rules are effective in
addressing the issues that inspired the creation of the regime. The effectiveness
of the investment provisions has to be measured by the extent to which the
provisions achieve their ...
